合同的内容及履行.pdf

第四章 合同的内容与履行 一、口头证据规则与合同内容的确定 二、合同的解释 三、合同的补缺 四、合同的变更 五、履行义务因障碍或因情况变化而免除 第一节 口头证据规则与合同内容的确定 一、口头证据规则的含义 二、不可分割的书面协议与可分割的书 面协议 三、平行协议规则 四、证明不存在有强制力的书面协议的 证据 五、口头证据规则与合同的修改 第一节 口头证据规则与合同内容的确定 一、口头证据规则的含义 （一）定义 （二）《第二次合同法重述》规定 一、口头证据规则的含义 （一）定义 口头证据规则（Parol Evidence Rule) ，是 指合同当事人订立了一个书面合同，把他们之 间的最终协议用书面形式表达出来后，有关他 们事先理解和协商合同内容的证据，无论是口 头还是其他形式的，都不能出于更改或对抗这 一书面文件的目的而被援用。 一、口头证据规则的含义 （二）《第二次合同法重述》规定 §213. Effect Of Integrated Agreement On Prior Agreements (Parol Evidence Rule) (1) A binding integrated agreement discharges prior agreements to the extent that it is inconsistent with them. (2) A binding completely integrated agreement discharges prior agreements to the extent that they are within its scope. (3) An integrated agreement that is not binding or that is voidable and avoided does not discharge a prior agreement. But an integrated agreement, even though not binding, may be effective to render inoperative a term which would have been part of the agreement if it had not been integrated. Illustrations: 1. D Corporation regularly borrows money from C Bank. S, the principal stockholder in D, offers to guarantee payment if C will increase the amounts lent. There is a bank custom to make such loans only on adequate collateral supplied by the borrower, and C promises S to follow the custom. S then executes a written agreement with C guaranteeing payment of future loans to D with or without security. If the written agreement is a binding integrated agreement, Cs prior promise is discharged. Illustrations: 2. In May A and B exchange properties and agree orally that A will make certain repairs on the property to be conveyed by A to B, the repairs to be finished by October 1. A and B then draw up and sign a memorandum of the repair agreement, specifying all the terms except that