A global spectrum of emerging pathogens Today’s .pptVIP

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A global spectrum of emerging pathogens Today’s .ppt

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A global spectrum of emerging pathogens Today’s .ppt

* * KEY POINTS: As populations grow, change their environments, and move to new areas, new infectious threats will continue to emerge. With plane travel being so quick and convenient, infections can diffuse very rapidly, as was seen during the SARS epidemic. * KEY POINTS: Early in the epidemic, the extent of WNV infection in the population was difficult to determine, as (1) only a minority of the cases, those with severe illness, came to the attention of health authorities, and (2) reliable diagnostic tests were not available for general clinical use. The large increase in human cases between 1999 and 2003 is due to both spread of the epidemic and better diagnosis of infections. Only after health authorities were aware of the WNV’s spread through the USA were cases recognized in recipients of organ transplants and blood transfusions. Even though a NAT test can be developed and implemented under IND fairly rapidly, the signal that the blood supply is at risk is usually the appearance of transfusion-transmitted infections. Therefore, testing is a reactive strategy for blood safety. * KEY POINTS: West Nile virus was recorded in Europe as early as the 1960s, when disease in horses was noted. WNV disease in horses and humans has occurred in various locations throughout Europe from 1996–2000, including a major human outbreak in Bucharest in 1996–1997. WNV has periodically broken out in the south of France and they are considering implementing testing for WNV as a result * KEY POINT: INTERCEPT is likely to be effective against a number of other related viruses, none of which are currently screened although they are highly prevalent in the general population. * KEY POINTS: Results of studies comparing use of different types of blood products indicate that CMV infections may continue to be transmitted via CMV negative, leukoreduced, and apheresis products. Up to 4% transmission of CMV infection (Nichols, et al. 2003) was documented. In comparison with unscreened blood, bo