中英翻译Lecture2.ppt

* 英汉语言对比 * 主要问题 英汉差异 翻译对策 * Difficulties in English-Chinese translation 英语理解 不能根据上下文推断词的含义 对英文句子结构不了解，引起误译 找不到修饰语和中心词之间联系 对英文句子中修辞手法的潜在含义掌握不好 对短语、习语用法不了解，引起误译 对英语思维方式、逻辑推理不了解 汉语表达 选词不准确，表达不地道 结构不合理，句子不自然 音节不匀称，句子较生硬 *  broken The vase is broken. a broken home a broken leg a broken man a broken heart 不能根据上下文推断词的含义 * There were reminiscences, as Jerry’s friends reconvened. 杰里朋友重聚时，谈起许多往事。 It was all I could do not to laugh. 我差点笑出来。 对英文句子结构不了解，引起误译 * News came through on the wireless of a rich oil field near the sea. 无线电传来在海岸附近 发现油田的消息。 英文句子中有些修饰语和中心词被隔得很远 * The ship plows the sea. plows 犁地，翻开（土地） 乘风破浪前行。 对英文句子中修辞手法的潜在含义掌握不好 * The girl soon laid the table. That woman walks the streets. The boss gave her the sack. That girl student is in the green. The old lady has gone to her rest. I‘m not a little afraid of snakes. I have seen him through. Where is the Book? Don’t call him names! The little boy is a love child. 对短语、习语用法不了解，引起误译 * If I have not repeated the mistake! 我真不该犯同样的错误。 Only if you were there! 你要是在那就好了。 对英语思维方式、逻辑推理不了解 * 选词不准确，表达不地道 After Aunt Lena had heard about the family trouble， she agreed to look for a job． 丽娜姨听见了家庭的困难情况后，同意去找工作。 丽娜姨闻知家里的困境之后，同意去找工作。 The teenagers dont invite him to their parties because he is a wet blanket． 青少年们不邀请他参加他们的聚会，因为他是个令人扫兴的人。 那些年轻人不让他参加他们的聚会，因为他是个令人扫兴的家伙。 These planes were held back to protect the enemys home islands instead of being used where they were badly needed. 这些飞机被留在后方保卫敌人本岛，未用于其它急需的地方。 敌人没有把这些飞机用到最需要的地方去，而是把它们留下来，在岛上守卫他们的老巢。 * 结构不合理，句子不自然 There will come a day when people the world over will live a happy life under the sun of socialism. 全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活的一天是会到来的。 全世界将在社会主义的阳光下过幸福的生活，这一天是一定会来到的。 The sun, which had hidden all day，now came out in all its splendor. 那个整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。 太阳一整天都躲在云里，现在出来了，光芒四射。 I had experienced oxygen and／or engine trouble. 我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或二者都出故障。 不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或者它们都出故障，这些我都碰到过。 * 音节不匀称，句子较生硬 This failure was