英语修辞方法28(上课用).docVIP

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英语修辞方法28(上课用)

Rhetorical Devices in English 1. 明喻simile 英语的明喻是英语中最常用、最简便的修辞格之一,在文学作品中尤其如此。它根据人们的联想,利用不同事物之间的相似点,借助比喻词(如like,as等)起连接作用,清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物。 Rhetoric In Practice (《英文实用修辞学》)一书这样来解释明喻: “A simile is an expressed 1ikeness.The simplest and most direct way of connoting an idea with something else is by means of using similes.Simile is the neuter singular of the Latin adjective‘similis,’meaning like.” 1. 关于英语Simile,有两点须加以说明: 一、Simile(明喻)通常由三部分构成,即本体(tenor或subject)、 喻体(vehicle或reference)和比喻词(comparative word或indicator of resemblance)。可图示如下: Marriage is like a beleaguered fortress: those who are without want to get in, ↓ ↓ ↓ (tenor) (comparative word) (vehicle) and those within want to get out. ( P. M. Quitard) 二、本体与喻体一般为两个不同事物(如属同类也应具不同性质或特征),比喻方可成立。例如: ① Peter is as tall as his father. ② Peter is as tall as a Maypole. 稍加分析可以看出,例①不算明喻,只是一个比较句,因为Peter及其father同属人类;而例②才是比喻句,因为Peter与Maypole分属人与物。 2. 引导明喻的比喻词(comparative words) ( 1 ) 介词as,like,of等。 ( 2 ) 连词as (犹如),what (犹如),as if, as though, than, and, the way 等。 ( 3 ) 动词seem,resemble (名词resemblance),treat/honour/regard/consider/respect as,compare to,liken to,pass(胜过),remind of,be similar to,等。 ( 4 ) 词组may/might as well…(as)(做…就好像做…),no more/less…than/not any more…than(如同…一样) ,so speak/as it were (可以说,可以比喻地说)。 2. 暗喻、隐喻metaphor 关于隐喻,Webster’s New World Dictionary说 “a figure of speech containing an implied comparison,in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another” 。这个解释十分简明,意思是说,隐喻是一种隐含着比喻的修辞格,它的通常和基本的用法是,表述某一事物的词或者词组被用来比喻另外的一种事物。由于它的比喻是隐藏着的,那么它的主体与喻体的关系就显得十分的紧密。隐喻(metaphor)是相对于明喻(simile)而言的,运用隐喻这一修辞方法的人,一般在句中不明确告诉读者A像B或B像A,而是简捷地说A是B或B就是A。 隐喻的表达形式 ( 1 ) 名词型 ( noun metaphors ) All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players. ( William Shakespeare ) 整个世界是座舞台,男男女女,演员而已。 ( 2 ) 动词型 ( verb metaphors ) The boy wolfed down the food the moment he grabbed it. 那男孩儿一抓到食物便

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