现双驴头节能抽油机的设计.docVIP

摘 要 抽油机流体从。旋转运动改变固定在一双灵活往复运动，然后垂直向下朝井。灵活的在其另一端连接到到光杆。灵活的机构，同一垂直平面，因此，真正的垂直往复运动传给光杆。灵活的机构包括非金属肩带，有的宽度，以提供稳定的运动。多年来，油从下方的一个领域往复光杆连接到钻具操作。不同类型 关键词：抽油机；曲柄；机构 Abstract A pumping unit for pumping fluids from a location beneath the surface of a field. The rotary motion of a crankarm is changed to a reciprocating motion of a pair of flexible members by pitman arms pivotally secured at one end to the crankarm and at the other end to the flexible members which extend from such connection over a plurality of rollers and then vertically downward toward the well head.The flexible members are connected at their other ends to means connected to the polished rod.Portions of the flexible members and the polished rod lie in the same vertical plane so that true vertical reciprocating movement is imparted to the polished rod.The flexible members comprise non-metallic straps having a substantial width to provide stability of movement. For many years, oil from beneath the surface of a field has been pumped by means of a pumping unit .which reciprocates a polished rod connected to a drill string to operate a submerged pump. This invention relates to a pumping unit suitable for use in a field for operating a pump to remove fluids, such as oil, from beneath the surface of the field and is particularly useful in fields having center pivot sprin-kler irrigation systems because of the low profile of the pumping unit. Keywords: pumping unit；a crankarm；members 第1章 概述 1.1抽油机概述 1.1.1抽油机的一般知识 抽油机是有杆抽油的地面动力传动设备，是构成“三抽”系统的主要组成部分。抽油机的产生和运用由来已久，迄今已有百年历史。应用最早·普及最广的属常规型游梁式抽油机，至今在世界各产油国中仍占绝对优势.结构简单、可拿咐用、操作维修方便是其经久不衰的恨本原因。然而，随着油田的不断开发，要求抽油机具有长冲程、大负荷、能耗低、体积小、重量轻等性能特点来满足日益发展的油田开发的需要。70年代以来，有杆抽油技术有了突破性进展，各种新型的抽油机相继研制成功，投入生产。目前，国外至少有30家公司，国内至少有20家厂、院、校、所，在专门研究制造新型抽油机。 1.1.2 抽油机的分类 抽油机主要分游梁式油油机和无梁式抽油机两大类。 游梁式抽油机的具体分类如下: 按结构型式可分为;常规型、前置型、偏置型、斜井式、低矮式‘活动式; 按减速器传动方式可分为:齿轮式、链条式、皮带式、行星轮式; 按驴头结构可分为:上翻式、侧转式、分装式、整体式、旋转式、大轮式、双驴头式、异驴头式; 按平衡方式可分为:游梁平衡Y，曲柄平衡B,复合平衡F、天平平衡T,液力平衡、气动平衡、差动平衡; 按驱动方式可分:普通异步电机驱动、多速异步电机驱动、变压异步电机驱动，大