(抗肿瘤药)知识.ppt

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS（抗肿瘤药） SECTION 1 Introduction（概述） SECTION 2 Agents directly acting on DNA （作用于DNA的药物） SECTION 3 Agents interfering with DNA synthesis （干扰DNA合成的药物） SECTION 4 Antimitotic agents （抗有丝分裂的药物） SECTION 5 New targets for antineoplastic agents （抗肿瘤药物的新靶点） SECTON 1 Introduction neoplasm（肿瘤） The medical term for cancer or tumor is neoplasm（肿瘤）, which means “a relatively autonomous growth of tissue.” Tumor is a general term indicating any abnormal mass or growth of tissue, not necessarily life-threatening. A “cancerous tumor” is a malignant neoplasm with potential danger. sarcoma In the early embryo of a multicellular organism before organs begin to form, cells arrange themselves in three layers—ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal. Mesodermal cells form bone, muscle, cartilage, and related tissues.A cancer that arises from mesodermal tissue is called sarcoma. . carcinoma Ectodermal cells form skin, its appendages, and nerve tissue. Endodermal cells form the intestinal system and its associated organs A cancer arises from ecto- or endodermal cells is called a carcinoma. Cell growth cycles In a cell’s nucleus, DNA replication occurs during only one specific part of the cell cycle, called S for synthesis. Between division and S is a period called G1 in which cells grow, but do not make DNA. In G1, many molecules such as enzymes are synthesized. Another period called G2 occurs between S and the period called M, during which the two DNA copies separate. Although each of these four main periods of the cell cycle (G1, S, G2, M) is unique, all in proper order are necessary for new cell production. Normal and cancer cells behave differently. Normal cell: G1 → G0 → G1 Cancer cell: G1, S, G2, M → G0 → die SECTON 2 Agents directly acting on DNA（作用于DNA的药物） I Alkylating agents （烷化剂） II Platinum Complex (金属铂配合物) III Bleomycin (博来霉素类) IV 作用于DNA拓扑异构酶(topoismerase)的药物