明代言官制度及其对当代政治监督的启示--论文.doc

明代言官制度及其对当代政治监督的启示 摘 要 中国古代的政治监督的发展，总是伴随着封建专制主义中央集权制度的加强，因此当君主专制制度在明代发展到顶峰时，政治监督制度也相对来说更加的完善和严密。作为监督制度中颇具代表性的言官制度到了明朝更加完善和成熟，其架构纵横交错，分都察院系统和六科系统，各系统分工明确，官员任用井然有序。与其他朝代相比，明代的君主坚持广开言路，在言官的选任及升迁罢黜上设置了严格的规定，十分注重言官的素质培养，继而赋予了言官更多、更为广泛的职权，为其在政治上发挥“耳目”、 “醒世”和 “防腐剂” 的作用，提供了极大程度上的便利。 集聚了中华五千年精华的明代言官制度对现代政治监督制度具有重要的借鉴意义，如位卑权重的权力制衡形式、巡按御史的定期巡视、监察人员在行使监察权时的独立地位等。笔者在学界相关研究成果的基础上，通过梳理相关历史资料，尝试对明代的言官制度进行综合性、全方面的分析与总结，以期对当下政治监督产生一定的启发作用。 关键词：言官；监察；直谏；皇权 The Officer System of Ming Dynasty Andits Revelation for the Contemporary Political Supervision Abstract: Ancient Chinese political supervision, always accompanied by the feudal autocratic centralization system strengthening from, so when the autocratic monarchy in the Ming Dynasty to the peak of development, political oversight system is also relatively more perfect and tight.?As a supervision system are fairly representative of Supervisors system to the Ming Dynasty perfect and mature, and its architecture criss-minute Censorate system and six-branch system, the system of division of labor, official appointments in order.?Compared with other dynasties, the Ming Dynasty monarch insisted airing on elective and promotion ousted Supervisors set up strict rules, attaches great importance to quality training supervisors, which in turn give supervisors more and broader powers for the its play "eyes and ears", "Awaken" and "preservative" role in politics, providing a great degree of convenience. Gathering the essence of five thousand years of Chinese Ming Supervisors has important reference system for modern political oversight system, such as weight suffering form of checks and balances, the inspector censors of regular inspections, inspectors in the exercise of monitoring the right of independent?status, etc. .?Scholars on the basis of academic research results, combing through the relevant historical data, try Supervisors regimes of the Ming Dynasty general, all aspects of the analysis and summary on the current political oversight t