托福阅读之地理问题解析.pdfVIP

智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料 托福阅读之地理问题解析 托福阅读中有着各种各样的题材，其中不少托福阅读真题都是根据 文章背景设计出来的，下面的托福阅读资料就是有关于地理问题的介绍 ，希望对大家有所帮助。 地理地质类主题是托福阅读常见考点，结构不 难理解。需注意各例证和主题的支撑关系。由于条理清晰，最后一题尽 量考虑从正面选出，排除为辅。 托福阅读真题再现： 土壤的形成(soil formation) 版本一： 第二篇是土壤的形成，里面讲到了水、气候、地市对土壤的影响 版本二 ：讲土壤和水的关系。讲了水在土壤里的流动和蒸发速度，在不同地形 的水的流失，具体讲了一个是悬崖边上的水为什么比陆地上的水干的要 快。 版本三 ： 解析：本文围绕土壤如何形成这个主题展开论证。做题 时需注意记录笔记 ，对于结构化阅读及最后一题的解答有很大好处。地 理地质类主题是托福阅读常见考点，结构不难理解。需注意各例证和主 题的支撑关系。由于条理清晰，最后一题尽量考虑从正面选出，排除为 辅。推荐的文章是TPO14的文章Maya Water Problems。 相关托福资料： Soil Formation Climate[edit] Climate regulates soil formation. Soils are more developed in areas with higher rainfall and more warmth. The rate of chemical weathering increases by 2-3 times when the temperature increases by 10 degrees Celsius. Climate also affects which organisms are present, affecting the soil chemically and physically (movement of roots). Organisms[edit] The organisms living in and on the soil form distinct soil types. Coniferous forests have acidic leaf litter and form what are known as inceptisols. Mixed or deciduous forests leave a larger layer of humus, changing the elements leeched and accumulated in the soil, forming alfisols. Prairies have very high humus accumulation, creating a dark, thick A horizon characteristic of mollisols. For example three species of land snails in the genus Euchondrus in the Negev desert are noted for eating lichens growing under the surface limestone rocks and slabs (endolithic lichens).[3] They disrupt and eat the limestone.[3] Their grazing resulting in the weathering of the stones, and the subsequent formation of soil.[3] They have a significant effect on the region: the total population of snails is estimated to process between 0.7 and 1.1 metric ton per hectare per year of limestone in the Negev desert.[3] Parent material[edit] The rock from which soil is formed is called parent ma