玉米杂交种及自交系抗茎腐病鉴定.docVIP

玉米杂交种及自交系抗茎腐病鉴定 　　摘要：玉米茎腐病是一种由禾谷镰刀菌（Fusarium graminearum）和瓜果腐霉菌（Pythium aphanidermatum）单独或复合侵染引起的、危害较重的土传病害，发生在玉米乳熟后期，防治较为困难。为了筛选对茎腐病具有抗性的玉米品种指导大田生产，于2014-2015年间，笔者对山东地区主推的35份杂交种和50份自交系进行了抗性鉴定。结果表明，35份杂交种中抗性品种16个，占比45.71%；50份自交系中抗性品种30个，占比60.00%；玉米茎腐病抗性品种多为晚熟品种，在抗性杂交种和自交系中分别占比68.75%和23.33%；50份自交系中有32份可以列入Reid、Lancaster、黄改和PB四个类群中。表明，杂交种中齐单1号、诺达1号为高抗茎腐病品种，可用于大田生产；自交系中PH6WC、印尼选系1、TL10B为高抗品种，可为玉米茎腐病抗性育种提供参考 关键词：茎腐病；杂交种；自交系；抗性鉴定 中图分类号：S513.037 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2017）01-0114-03 Abstract Corn stalk rot， one of the most devastating soil-borne diseases， is caused by Fusarium graminearum and Pythium aphanidermatum alone or compound infection. This disease occurs at the late milk stage of corn， so it is difficult to control by conventional techniques. In order to select the maize cultivars resistant to corn stalk rot to guide the field production， we investigated the resistance of 35 maize hybrids and 50 inbred lines during 2014-2015. The results showed that there were 16 species resistant to corn stalk rot in the 35 hybrids， accounting for 45.71%. And there were 30 species resistant to stalk rot in the 50 inbred lines， accounting for 60.00%. The resistant varieties to corn stalk rot were mostly the late-maturing varieties， which accounted for 68.75% and 23.33% respectively in the resistant hybrids and inbred lines. In the 50 inbred lines， 32 inbred lines could be included in the groups of Reid， Lancaster， Huanggai and PB. From the experiment， the resistance of Qidan 1 and Nuoda 1 were the highest in the 35 maize hybrids， which could be used for seed selection in field production. In the 50 inbred lines， PH6WC， Indonesia derived lines 1，TL10B were highly resistant to corn stalk rot， which could be used in resistance breeding. Keywords Corn stalk rot；Hybrids；Inbred lines；Resistance identification 近年来，由于大面积种植单一高产玉米品种、耕作制度和气候变化等原因，玉米茎腐病在我国呈现加重趋势[1] 玉米茎腐病受气候、土壤、品种等因素影响，玉米乳熟后期过高的土壤湿度是诱发茎腐病发生的重要因素[2]。玉米茎腐病的病原菌较为复杂，混合病原和单一病原都能引起玉米茎腐病的发生[3-5]，这一特点给茎腐病的研究和防治增加了困难