《中级微观经济学》PR8e_ch01ly.pptVIP

* of 18 Copyright ? 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ? Microeconomics ? Pindyck/Rubinfeld, 8e. * of 18 Copyright ? 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ? Microeconomics ? Pindyck/Rubinfeld, 8e. 1.1 The Themes of Microeconomics 1.2 What Is a Market? 1.3 Real versus Nominal Prices 1.4 Why Study Microeconomics? C H A P T E R 1 Prepared by: Fernando Quijano, Illustrator 绪论 Preliminaries 1.1 微观经济学的主题 1.2 什么是市场 1.3 实际价格和名义价格 1.4 为什么要学习微观经济学? CHAPTER OUTLINE ● microeconomics Branch of economics that deals with the behavior of individual economic units—consumers, firms, workers, and investors—as well as the markets that these units comprise. 微观经济学 研究经济个体的行为，这些个体包括：消费者、工人、投资者、土地所有者、企业----事实上，微观经济学的研究对象包括了任何参与经济运行的个人和法人。 ● macroeconomics Branch of economics that deals with aggregate economic variables, such as the level and growth rate of national output, interest rates, unemployment, and inflation. 宏观经济学 研究经济总量，如：国民产出的水平和增长率、利率、失业和通货膨胀。 LY: 只见森林与不见树木。 不是简单相加。一生的幸福不是过好每一天，吃的苦中苦，方为人上人！ CONSUMERS Consumers have limited incomes, which can be spent on a wide variety of goods and services, or saved for the future. (no investment) 消费者的收入是有限的，它可以用来购买许多商品和服务，也可以储蓄待下一期再消费。 The Themes of Microeconomics 1.1 Trade-Offs WORKERS Workers also face constraints and make trade-offs. First, people must decide whether and when to enter the workforce. Second, workers face trade-offs in their choice of employment. Finally, workers must sometimes decide how many hours per week they wish to work, thereby trading off labor for leisure. 工人经常要面临各种约束并在约束下做出各种权衡取舍。首先，他们必须决定是否进入劳动力市场以及什么时候进入该市场。其次，工人在就业的时候要面临权衡取舍。最后，工人还得不时权衡取舍他们所愿意的每周工作时间，这里是工作时间和闲暇时间的权衡取舍。 FIRMS Firms also face limits in terms of the kinds of products that they can produce, and the resources available to produce them. 企业在其所能够生产的产品种类，所能利用的生产要素方面，同样面临着各种约束和限制 The Themes of Microeconomics 1.1 Trade-Offs Microeconomics describes how prices are determined. In a centrally planned economy, prices are set by