先进控制技术在催化裂化装置上的应用.doc

先进控制技术在催化裂化装置的应用 摘要：催化裂化装置是石油加工过程中经济效益最高、工艺最复杂的生产装置，在操作控制上稍有所改进或提高，就会带来显著的经济效益，于是在催化裂化装置应用先进控制（APC）技术就成了企业提高效益的明智选择。本文结合洛阳石化I套催化裂化装置的实际应用情况，介绍了先进控制系统的工作原理与结构组成，并详细阐述了装置上先进控制器的投用过程。APC采用动态机理模型，以常规PID为基础，在催化裂化装置实施反再分馏和吸收稳定部分先进控制，设计了反再分馏和吸收稳定先进控制器，并详细分析了两个控制器的设计思想，最终使控制平稳性得到加强，实现了质量卡边控制，显著地降低了各塔设备的操作波动、能耗与运行成本，提高了高价值产品（液收）收率。APC技术在I套催化裂化装置获得了成功应用，取得了预期的控制效果，给企业带来了显著的经济效益。 Abstract：FCCU is the highest economic and the most complicated process. The obvious economic benefit can be achieved by improvement in operation and control. So the application of Advanced Process Control (APC) technology is a wise choice for enterprises to improve business efficiency in the FCCU. This paper introduces the principle and structure of APC system combined with the actual application in Luoyang petrochemical I FCCU, and outline in detail commissioning process on APC controller of the unit. The advanced control of reaction distillation and absorption stabilization section in FCCU has been realized by applying a dynamic mechanism model, taking conventional PID for APC. Designing advanced controller of reaction distillation and absorption stabilization, their idea is also introduced. As a result it has enhanced the unit stabilization; controlled product quality on the boundary. It also has remarkably decreased the operational fluctuation, the consumed energy and running cost for all towers, improved the high-value products (liquid yield) yield. Technology of APC has been successfully applied in 1 FCCU, achieved desired control effect, and brought remarkable economic benefits to the enterprise. 关键词：催化裂化；DCS；先进控制；液收；经济效益 Keywords: Catalytic cracking; DCS；Advanced Control; liquid yield; economic benefits [1,2] 先进控制是通过安装于计算机上的特殊软件与DCS上的PID调节器配合应用，对装置进行综合调节，同时满足生产中多个控制要求的技术PID控制效果不好，常规PID控制器很少考虑变量之间的相互作用，而且是在被控参数产生偏差后才进行调节。由于装置变量之间总是存在相互作用，先进控制器中包含有装置信息，根据来自系统外部的干扰信息和生产中的调节信息，先进控制器可以预测出装置未来的变化趋势先进控制在满足了多个控制要求之后，能够根据人员设置的参数，进一步实现生产综合效益的最大化先进控制是一套工业应用软件，它将整个生产装置或者某个工艺单元作为一个整体研究对象，首先通过现场测试，量化描述各