名词性从句-讲解.ppt

Grammar Noun Clause 名词性从句 名词 在句中可充当: 主语 宾语 表语 同位语 名词从句 在句中可充当: 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 扩充从句 His words are true. What he said is true. He told me the reason for his absence from class. He told me why he was absent from class. 名词从句的引导词 连词: 在从句中不作成分 连接代词: 在从句中作主宾表定 连接副词: 在从句中作作状语 that whether if as if /though what whatever who whoever whose whomever which whichever when where how why 名词性从句中连词的区别 连词在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用。 that引导陈述句，没有任何意义， whether 和if引导一般疑问句，表示是否。 as if /though 表示似乎好像，置于look /sound /seem /appear 之后引导表语从句。 名词性从句中连词的省略 名词性从句中只有that在引导宾语从句时可以省略，其余都不能省略。但两个that从句并列时后边的that不能省略 Scientists know (that) their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong. whether 与 if 区别 引导动词的宾语从句时，whether和if可以互换，但与or not连用只能用whether. I don’t know whether / if I can come. I don’t know whether or not I can come. 介词的宾语从句只能用whether引导 We worried about whether he was in good health or not. 引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句时都只能用whether. The question is whether you can do it yourself. Whether they will win is all the same to me. The question whether he should come himself or send another one hasn’t been decided. 和动词不定式连接时，只能用whether. I haven’t decided whether to go there or not. whether和if都可以引导状语从句但意义不一样，whether表示不论是否，引导让步状语从句；if表示如果，引导条件状语从句。 Whether you play games or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me. If you give me enough time, I can do it well. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 先行词差异：跟同位语从句的名词有news, idea, belief, doubt, fact, rumour, question, order, hope, thought, reply, problem, reason等;定语从句的先行词不固定。 连词差异：同位语从句中连词that在句中不担任句子成分，定语从句中that是关系代词，在从句中作主语，宾语等。同位语从句中wh词多具有疑问意义，而定语从句的wh词则没有疑问意义 意义差异：同位语从句与先行名词是等同关系，对前者进行补充说明，两者常可以转述为主表关系；而定语从句与先行词是修饰限制关系。 The news that our team won the game is true. The news is that our team won the game. The news that you heard just now is true. I have no idea where they have gone. The village where I live is beautiful. that与whether, if的区别when, where, how, why 从句中都不缺乏成分，主要是意义差异。 that表示事实，无词义 whether, if 译