以此代彼metonymy.ppt

“以此代彼”的Metonymy Metonymy vs. Synecdoche Metonymy: 借代；转喻；换喻 Synecdoche: 提喻 Traditional rhetorical views: two distinct ones Metonymy: A substitutes B; A and B is related or contiguous Synecdoche: part for whole; whole for part Cognitive linguistics: in the same conceptual domain; unnecessary to separate and synecdoche is subtype of metonymy Lead-in：找找看 Body Lead-in：找找看 英汉指代人的各种常规表达(conventional expressions) 头发/hair grey hairs（老年人） We dont hire longhairs. 丫头：扎着丫字形的辫子 头/head 老头；皓首；点人头； Dinner at $ 15 a head; We need some good heads on the project. 脑/brain Brain drain：人才流失 首脑 Lead-in：找找看 脸/face I saw many new/familiar/strange faces我看见很多新的、熟悉的、陌生的面孔。 眼/eye No eye saw him, but a second later, every ear heard a gunshot. 眉/eyebrow 美眉；娥眉：美人；须眉：男子； 鼻子/nose count noses 口、嘴/mouth 大嘴巴 央视名嘴 三口之家；养家糊口 another mouth to feed Lead-in：找找看 胡须/moustache, beard 须眉：指男子，堂堂须眉；巾帼不让须眉 A thousand moustaches can live together, but not four breasts. 千条汉子能共处，两个婆娘难相容。 脖子/neck 硬脖子 a redneck: 指美国南方农民 手臂/arm 左膀右臂 The Giants need a stronger arm in right field. 手/hand （通常指代manual worker） 人手不够。新手/green hand; a factory hand; a ranch hand; a real hand at geometry; All hands on deck! 手腕/wrist 大腕：指“有名气、有实力的人” Lead-in：找找看 腿/leg The coach is going to put some fresh legs in the game. 脚/foot 我们需要一些脚力（搬运工人）。 心/heart Two young hearts had been freed from the burden of guilt and suspicion. 心肝 用于指称“最亲热最心爱的人” 心腹 指“亲信的人”，如身边的心腹 骨头/bone Lazy bones/懒骨头；贱骨头 血液/blood We need some new blood in the organization.我们组织需要新鲜血液。 Lead-in：找找看 其他指代方式，如从穿戴上： 巾帼、裙钗：指妇女 blue stocking: 女学者；才女；好卖弄学问的女人 pink collar: secretaries, phone operators, and other pink-collar workers white/blue/golden/grey collar Skirt: a woman or girl, e.g. a real skirt; a skirt chaser; 拜倒在石榴裙下。 boot: U.S. Navy, Marines. a recruit The suits on Wall Street walked off with most of our savings. 领袖 红领巾——小学生 1. Definitions 从词源学上,metonymy来源于古希腊语metonumia,意思是“意义的改变”(change of name ) 1.1 Traditional definitions 1.2 Cognitive definitions 1.1 Traditional definitions