英语动词的语气.ppt

前言 它是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对所说内容的看法和态度，有陈述、祈使、虚拟 三种语气。 一、有条件从句的主从复合句中的虚拟语气。 1、与现在事实相反的假设。 从句用过去式（ Be动词用were ），主句用would/ should/ could/ might +V，should只用于第一人称。 二、某些动词宾语从句中的虚拟语气 c、与将来事实可能相反或难以实现的愿望，用would/should/could+V. Eg. I wish I would go. d、与现在正发生的事实相反的愿望，从句用过去进行式。 Eg. I wish he wasnt / werent talking. 以上虚拟形式均不可省略。 2、表示命令,建议,要求的动词的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 三、某些名词性从句中的虚拟语气 1上面一些表示命令,建议,要求的动词都有相应的名词形式，与之相关的表语、同位语从句用同样的虚拟语气。 Eg. My suggestion was that we (should) hold a meeting next week. I made a suggestion that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 2、上面动词变成过去分词，主语从句中的谓动用同样的虚拟语气。 Eg. It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 四、某些状语从句的虚拟语气。 1、as if/though 引导的方式状语从句，与现在事实相反用过去式(be---were), 与过去事实相反用过去完成式，与将来实现的可能性较小的情况用would+V. Eg. She loves the boy as if he were her own. He spoke as if he had known it. He doesnt study hard as though he would pass the entrance examination. 2、in order that, so that 引导目的状语从句，常用 can/could,may/might表示虚拟，否定结构多用should+V. 注意：A：主句是现在时或祈使句，从句用can或may. B：主句是过去时，从句用could/might. Eg. Bring it closer so that/in order that I can see it better. He came in quietly in order that/so that he should not wake up the baby. 3、 if only 条件从句强调式，常省略结果主句，指不能实现的愿望，句末常用感叹号，意为“要是……该多好啊！”用过去式表示与现在事实相反的愿望，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的愿望。 Eg. If only I were at your age! If only I had come yesterday! 4、even if, even though.（即使、纵然），引导让步状语从句。 （不管、尽管），主从句使用虚拟语气，与 if 条件句相同。 * * 虚拟语气：表示说的话不是事实，或是不可能发生的情况，而是一种主观愿望、建议或事实相反的假设。 动词的语气 有条件从句的主从复合句中的虚拟语气 某些动词的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 某些名词性从句中的虚拟语气 某些状语从句的虚拟语气 Eg、If I were you , I wouldnt do that. If I knew your telephone number, I  would call you up. Could/might可用于主句，也可用于从句。Eg、 If I could use it, I would/should get it. 2、与过去事实相反的假设。 Eg. If you had come earlier, you might have met him.  If I could have used it, I would have got it. 从句用过去完成式，主句用would或should +不定式完成式， Could/mi