数控机床45#刀柄拉刀机构设计【毕业论文+CAD图纸全套】.doc

摘 要 45＃刀柄拉刀机构是数控机床主轴内部用于刀具自动夹紧的机构。在加工之前，刀具由换刀机械手自动装入主轴孔后，其刀柄后部的拉钉便被送到主轴内拉杆的前端。当液压系统接到夹紧信号时，其电磁换向阀左位得电，液压油通向液压缸的左端，活塞在液压油的作用下向右移动。同时，拉杆在碟形弹簧的作用下也向右移动，其前端径向的钢球在主轴内壁的逼迫下沿直径方向收缩。钢球将刀柄拉钉紧紧扣住，在拉杆作用下带动拉钉向右移动。当活塞移动到位时，其活塞杆上的接近开关发出信号，使得液压系统中的电磁换向阀失电回到中位。这时拉杆便保持在拉刀位置上，刀具便被装夹好，此后便可以进行工件的加工了。 当加工完成需要换刀时，系统向拉刀机构发出松刀信号。在液压系统得到信号后，其电磁换向阀右边得电。液压油通向液压缸的右边，活塞在液压油的作用下向左边移动。这时，拉杆在活塞杆的推动下克服弹簧力向左移动，拉杆带动钢球使其沿直径方向向外移动。最终拉杆把刀柄顶开，以便机械手取走刀具。与此同时，活塞杆上的接近开关向液压系统发出信号，电磁换向阀失电回到中位，使活塞杆保持在松刀位置上。 这次毕业设计的任务就是根据已知条件，设计一个45#的刀柄拉刀机构。其目的就是通过毕业设计，加深对数控机床装备的了解，并且巩固大学四年来所学的机械专业的相关的理论知识。 关键词：45#刀柄拉刀机构；液压；设计 ABSTRACT The 45#-handle broach mechanism, which is fixed within the axle of the NC machine tools, is used for the auto-clamping of tools. Before work, tools will be automatically installed within the axle by the manipulator, which is used for the exchanging of the tools. The nail, which is installed in the handle of the tools, will be carried in the head of the shaft. When the hydraulic-system get the signal of clamping , the left of its electromagnetic-changing valve will get electricity and work .The hydraulic-oil get into the left of the hydraulic-vat , the piston moves right , which is pushed by the hydraulic-oil . Meanwhile, the shaft moves right on the effect of the plate-shaped spring, which takes the nail. When the piston arrives the predetermined-position, the switch, which is fixed on the piston, will send the controlled signal, which makes the electromagnetic-changing valve of the hydraulic-system lose electricity and get back to the middle position. At the same time, the shaft keeps its position, and the tool is clamped well. So the system is ready for the work. When the work is over or the mechanism needs to change tools, the system will send the relative signals to the broach mechanism. As the hydraulic-system get the corresponding signal, the right of the electromagnetic-changing valve gets electricity and work. And the hydraulic-oil get into the right of the hydraulic-vat, the piston