被动语态小结与练习.doc

被动语态小结及练习 （1）英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 We study English. (主语We是动作study的执行者，是主动语态。） English is studied by us. (主语English是动作study的承受者，是被动语态。） （2）被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋p.p.（及物动词的过去分词）”构成。(谓语必须是及物动词，只有及物动词才有宾语，有宾语被动语态才有主语。) （3）主动语态变被动语态的方法 ① 把主动语态中的主语变为被动语态by的宾语。 ② 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 ③ 把主动语态的谓语按“be＋p.p.” 结构变成相应的被动形式。 We study English. English is studied by us. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. Julia painted a picture. The picture was painted by Julia. （4）被动语态的用法 ① 不知道动作的执行者是谁。 This watch is made in China. 这个表是中国制造的。 ② 没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 More trees must be planted every year. 每年必须种很多树。 ③ 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。 The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人说汉语。（强调汉语的使用广泛） ④ 动作的发出者不是人。 Many houses were washed away in the flood. 在洪水中很多房子被冲走了。 （5）各种时态的被动语态即“be的各种时态的被动语态”。现以build为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：am/is/are＋p.p. The building is built CBD office. 一般过去时：was/were＋p.p. The building was built in 2010. 一般将来时： will/shall be＋p.p. am/is/are going to+ be+ p.p. The building will be built next year. The building is going to be built next year. 现在进行时：am/is/are being＋p.p. The building is being built now. 现在完成时：have/has been＋p.p. The building has been built since 2010. 含有情态动词被动语态：情态动词＋be＋p.p. The students mustn’t be given too much homework. 禁止给学生留太多的作业。 (6) 一些特殊结构的被动语态 ① 主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种： （a）把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语。 (b) 把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词to或for。常与to搭配的动词有give, pass, show, bring, take, post等。常与for搭配的动词有buy等。 He gave me a book. 间接宾语 直接宾语 I was given a book by him. (间接宾语转化为主语) A book was given to me by him. (直接宾语a book转化为主语) ② 主动语态中省略了的to,被动语态一定要加上to。 以下动词后接省略to的不定式作宾补 6个感官动词 4个“看” see watch notice observe 1个“听” hear 1个“手摸” feel 3个“使，让”动词 make