经济发展对中国高等教育的影响.doc

Effects of Economic Development on Chinese Higher Education In the decade from 1990 to 1999, GDP in China has increased to $1.083 trillion from $ 390 billion, with the annual average growth rate reaching 10.1%, and the aggregate amount of GDP increased by 2.78 times. Meanwhile, the gross enrolment rate in higher education has risen from 3.45% to 10.5%, with 7.05% increased. Between the year of 2000 and 2010, GDP has increased to 5.879 trillion from 1.198 trillion. The increase rate is 10.3%, and the total GDP amount has grown 4.9 times. The gross enrolment rate in higher education has risen to 26.5% from 11.2%, with 15.3% increased. Thus, it can be seen that ever since the end of the last century, the economic development has obviously promoted the scale expansion in higher education. However, behind these phenomena, what changes did take place and what problems do exist in Chinese higher education? I、 Chinas economic development is the main motivation to popularize higher education. Wang Rong (former Nanjing Agricultural University, the current secretary of the Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee) calculated that the GDP annual growth rate contributed by Chinas higher education is 0.83 between the year of 1990 and 2000. This is far lower than the level in Western countries (the increasing rate in the United States between 1973 and 1984 is 14.61% and the situation in Germany during the same period is 4.2%). Most researchers agree that China’s higher education is far lagging behind compared with the economic development in the 1990s, which demands a quick compensatory development. In the early years of the 21st century, people showed particular concern for the gross enrollment growth rate of higher education, regarding the gross enrollment rate of 15% proposed by Martin Trow as an important standard. In fact, this standard was well surpassed by the situation of 2010, when the gross enrollment rate reached 26.5%. in China. In the process of the expansion, the increase