英语发展史介.ppt

The three times of English history Ancient English Middle English Modern English Ancient English  AD450—AD1100 The history of the English language began over 1500 years ago in the north of Europe. Around the fifth century A.D., tribes of people known as the Angels, Saxons, and Jutes traveled west from Germany and Denmark across the North Sea. They settled in Britain, and by the late seventh century, they were speaking an early form of the English. 英语的历史从1500多年前的北欧开始。 在公元5世纪左右，称为盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人的部落从德国和丹麦旅行向西过北海。他们迁入英国，并在7世纪末以前，他们所讲的即为早期形式的英语。 Middle EnglishAD1100—AD1500 In 1066, the Normans conquered England. French became the language of the wealthy and powerful, and English was spoken mostly by poorer people. In the late fourteenth century, English became the first language again. By this time, many words used in English came from French or Latin, and a lot of the early words no longer existed. 1066年，诺曼人征服英国。法语成为富人的语言和强有力的象征，但穷人主要讲英语。在14世纪末，英语再次成为第一语言。到这时，英国人使用的很多词汇来自法语或者拉丁语，并且许多早期的词汇已经不复存在。 8世纪末，持续了近3年，当时所带来的斯堪的那维亚语对英语的发展有很大影响。 公元1066年，法国的诺曼蒂公爵侵人英国，在诺曼蒂王朝统治期间，英国实际上存在着三种语言:法语，拉丁语，英语，但是英语只是下层社会劳动者用的世俗语言。法语在英国的特殊地位一直延续到14世纪。 1382年用英语书写的圣经出现，才结束了拉丁语的宗教语言地位。这时英语才成为英国的全民语言。因此英语中保留着大量的法语词汇（如age，air，brush，cry，bourgeoisie）和拉丁语词汇（angel，candle，moke，pope）。 Modern EnglishAD1500- Modern English in 1700 as the sector generally was divided into early modern English and late Modern English. In 1700 English language standardization and the standardization process has been completed, the future of English pronunciation and grammar don’t take great changes, only vocabulary is expanded continuously. 现代英语一般以1700年为界，分为早期现代英语与后期现代英语。1700年英语规范化和标准化过程已经完成，这以后英语的语音和语法都无大的变化，只有词汇不断地扩大和丰富。 Modern English In the Renaissance（文艺复兴）, people showed strong interest in ancient Greece and ancient Roman culture .English has absorbed a large number of ancient society culture. vocabulary has greatly increased. eg: geometry, astronomy ,coming from