英语主语与汉语主题之间的翻译转换.ppt

English：主语突出的语言Chinese：主题突出的语言 英语是主语优先型的语言，而汉语则是话题或主题优先型的语言。 所以，用英语谴词造句，就必须有主语；而汉语就不一定非得有主语才成句。在汉语中，只有话题而没有主语的语句十分常见。按照英语语法标准，这些语句就是无主句。 汉语主题/英语主语的修辞倾向对比分析 Examples of Ch-E Translation： ① 待剩下的问题都解决之后就应立即开始安装。 Cf. The installation should be commenced as soon as all the remaining problems have been cleared up. ②（期）盼早日订货。 Cf. We are looking forward to receiving your order asap. ③ 需立即交货。 Cf. Immediate delivery would be required. Comment： 汉语是主题突出的语言。汉语注重主题而不是主语，所以，句法关系上作为施事的主语往往可以省略。只要句子意思表达清楚了，逻辑主语有没有就不是主要的了。正如语言大师王力（1987）所说：“因为主语并非中国语法所需求，故凡主语显然可知的时候，以不用为常。” Examples of Ch-E Translation： ④ 由于粗心大意，少发了两箱货。 Cf. It was found that through an oversight, two cases of the goods were short shipped to you. ⑤ 承你方订货，实感荣幸，祝你们推销货物圆满成功。 Cf. It is certainly a pleasure to have this order from you and we wish you the best of success in your sales promotion of the goods. ⑥ 改变消费观念，用未来的钱圆今天的梦。 Cf. We should change our spending habits and use tomorrow’s earnings to power today’s consumption. Cf. Let’s use credit creatively: Tomorrow’s earnings can finance today’s dreams. 对商务英语翻译的启示：汉英翻译须补出主语：鉴于上述汉英之间的区别，我们在商务英语翻译中，应时时牢记英语“主语”的概念，或补出主语，或改选主语，或用“it”来填补汉语无主句的主语空缺，或将汉语无主句译为形式主语，等等。 ⑦ 据发现，987号商品所含的那种化学成分没有达到合同规定要求。 Cf. It was found that the chemical content of Item 987 is not up to the contract stipulation. ⑧ 请给我们寄一些制造这些产品的样料。 Cf. Would you please mail us some sample materials from which the items are made? 对商务英语翻译的警示：由于忽视或不清楚汉语主题与英语主语的修辞差异，商务英语翻译中就可能出现短少主语的修辞失误。 ⑨ 希望我们建立平等互利的贸易关系。 ※ Hope that we can enter into equal trade relations to our mutual benefit. Cf. It is hoped that we can enter into equal trade relations to our mutual benefit. ⑩ 盼早日收到贵方订单。 ※ Look forward to your order at an early date. Cf. We are looking forward to your order at an early date. * *