部分思虑题谜底-系统工程（国外英文资料）.doc

部分思考题答案-系统工程（国外英文资料） The input and output can be measured by means of experiment, then the S model is obtained by means of identification. (3) statistical analysis -- for black-box or gray box systems that do not allow experiments, the S model is built using data collection and statistical analysis. (4) a similar model of the original S, based on the homogenicity of different things. (5) the hybrid method -- the combination of these methods. The main steps in system modeling: (1) to specify the purpose and requirements of the modeling; (2) to understand the major factors in the system or subsystem; (3) choose the model method; (4) to determine the structure of the model; (5) estimate the model parameters; (6) model test run; (7) conducting experimental research on models; (8) it is necessary to amend the model. Example of system modeling: ISM (Interpretative Structural Modeling); SS (State Space); SD (System Dynamics); CA (Conflict Analysis); Soft computing or anthropomorphic approach. What is the system model? Why is it that in system analysis, the system model is widely used instead of the real system? Answer: the system model is the result of an abstract expression of the reality system. The system model is not the system object itself, but the description, imitation, or abstraction of the real system. The system is complex, and the properties of the system are multi-faceted. For the majority of research purposes, all of the attributes is not necessary to consider the system, therefore, the description of the system model is one essential attribute, selection of essential attribute completely depends on the purpose of the system engineering research. Therefore, different system models can be established for the same system based on different research purposes. The characteristics of the system model determine its wide application. The system model reflects the main characteristics of the actual system, but it is more common than the actual system. Therefore, the