虚拟语气11_grammer.ppt

专业外语 一、虚拟语气 科技文章中常常提出一些设想、推理或判断，内容与事实相反，或者不大可能实现，而是说话人的主观愿望、建议、要求之类，为了同客观存在的实际相区别，英语中要求用虚拟语气。 1. 虚拟简单句 由should/would/could/might ＋动词原形构成，表示主观对客观事物的看法、愿望、请求、建议等 [例句] Knowledge of the basic concepts of matrix algebra would be helpful but is not essential. [译文] 掌握有关矩阵代数的基本概念会有助于学习，但并非必须具备。 [例句] In this case, there would be no need to have security mechanisms within the network itself. [译文] 在这种情况下网络本身不需要密码机。 2.虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法 [例句] If there were no attraction between the proton and the electron, the electron would fly away from the proton in a straight line. （表示与现在事实相反） [译文] 如果质子与电子之间不存在引力，电子就会以沿一直线飞离质子。 [例句] Had it not been for computers a large number of technological advances would have been quite impossible. （表示与过去事实相反） [译文]如果没有计算机，大批技术成就是根本不可能获得的。 注：上述条件状语从句中省略if，而将句子的主语和谓语动词部分倒装。 2. 虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法 [例句] If we were to travel by space rocket to the moon we would find it quite a different place from our own planet ? the earth.　 （表示与将来事实相反） [译文] 如果我们乘宇宙飞船到月球上去旅行，我们将会发现，月球与我们自己的星球—地球完全不一样。???? 此外，虚拟条件句的假设情况还可用下列含有条件意味的词或短语来表示：or else, without, otherwise, or, but, in the absence of, but for [例句] It is difficult to imagine what modern living would be like without ready access to reliable, economical, and efficient means of communication. [译文] 如果不能容易地使用可靠、经济和有效的通信手段，很难想象现代生活会是什么样。 3. 用于宾语从句 should+动词原形或只用动词原形，用在desire, demand, suggest, recommend, advise, decide, order等表示愿望、建议、命令、要求、忠告的动词后面 [例句] High efficiency implies that circuit loss be minimum and the ratio of the transistor output, the parallel equivalent resistance, and its collector load resistance be maximum. [译文] 高效率意味着电路损耗小，晶体管的输出转换效率、并联等效电阻及其集电极负载电阻最大。 3. 用于宾语从句 [例句] Communication over long distances usually requires that some alterations or other operations be performed on the electrical signal conveying the information in preparation for transmission. [译文] 远距离通信通常要求对要传输的载信息电信号进行某些变换或其他操作。  在动词wish，would rather／sooner，had rather，would