《新概念英语》语法精粹(初中生适用).doc

新概念英语第一册知识点归纳与讲解短语、词组归纳??? 由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理：??? 一、动词+介词??? 1．look at…看…，look like … 看上去像……，?????? look after …照料…??? 2．listen to…听……??? 3．welcome to…欢迎到……??? 4．say hello to …向……问好??? 5．speak to…对……说话??? 此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。如：This is my new bike. Please look it after.(×)This is my new bike. Please look after it.(√)??? （二、动词+副词??? “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类：???? A．动词（vt.）+副词???? 1．put on 穿上 2．take off脱下? 3．write down记下???? 此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前面。试比较：First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. (√)First listen to the answer, then write down it.(×)First listen to the answer, then write it down.(√)??? B．动词（vi）+副词。??? 1．come on赶快? 2．get up起床? 3．go home回家? 4．come in进来? 5．sit down坐下 6．stand up起立??? 此类短语属于不及物动词，不可以带宾语。??? 三、其它类动词词组1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games介词短语聚焦??? “介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。??? 1．in+语言/颜色/衣帽等，表示使用某种语言或穿着……。如：in English，in the hat??? 2．in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等，表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”等。??? 3．in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。??? 4．in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。5．in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”；on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。如：There are some in the tree. There are many apples on the trees.6．in the wall表示“在墙上（凹陷进去）”；on the wall表示“在墙上（指墙的表面）”。如：There’re four windows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall.7．at work（在工作）/at school（上学）/at home（在家）应注意此类短语中无the。8．at + 时刻表示钟点。如：at six, at half , past ten.9．like this/that表示方式，意为“像……这/那样”。10．of短语表示所属关系。如：a picture of a classroom, a map of China.11．behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等，表示方位、处所。如：beside/ near the door, under/ behind the tree.12．from与to多表示方向，前者意为“从……”，后者意为“到……”。如：from one to ten, (go) to school/ bed/ work.另外，以下这些短语也必须掌握。如：on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等。