第4节计算机学科基础.ppt

4–* Adders加法器 Circuit diagram representing a half adder Two Boolean expressions: sum = A ? B carry = AB Page 103 4–* Adders加法器 A circuit called a full adder takes the carry-in value into account 计算两个数位的和，并考虑进位输入的电路叫全加器。 Figure 4.10 A full adder 4–* Multiplexers多路复用器 Multiplexer is a general circuit that produces a single output signal 多路复用器是生成单一输出信号的通用电路 The output is equal to one of several input signals to the circuit 输出值等于该电路的多个输入值之一 The multiplexer selects which input signal is used as an output signal based on the value represented by a few more input signals, called select signals or select control lines 多路复用器根据称为选择信号或者选择控制线的输入信号选择用哪个输入信号作为输出信号 4–* Multiplexers多路复用器 The control lines S0, S1, and S2 determine which of eight other input lines (D0 through D7) are routed to the output (F) Figure 4.11 A block diagram of a multiplexer with three select control lines Page 105 4–* Circuits as Memory存储器电路 Digital circuits can be used to store information 数字电路可以用来存储信息 These circuits form a sequential circuit, because the output of the circuit is also used as input to the circuit 这些电路是时序电路，因为这种电路的输出信号也被用作电路的输入信号 4–* Circuits as Memory存储器电路 An S-R latch stores a single binary digit (1 or 0) S-R锁存器存储一个二进制位 There are several ways an S-R latch circuit could be designed using various kinds of gates Figure 4.12 An S-R latch 4–* Circuits as Memory存储器电路 The design of this circuit guarantees that the two outputs X and Y are always complements of each other The value of X at any point in time is considered to be the current state of the circuit Therefore, if X is 1, the circuit is storing a 1; if X is 0, the circuit is storing a 0 Figure 4.12 An S-R latch 4–* Integrated Circuits集成电路 Integrated circuit (also called a chip) A piece of silicon on which multiple gates have been embedded集成电路是嵌入了多个门的硅片 These silicon pieces are mounted on a plastic or ceramic package with pins along the edges that can be soldered onto circuit boards or inserted into appropriate