论晚明东林党的舆论活动及其影响.pdfVIP

论晚明东林党的舆论活动及其影响 刘中兴 (华中师范大学　 湖北历史文化研究院,湖北　 武汉　 430079) 摘　 要:晚明是中国古代舆论最活跃的时期,其中又以东林党的舆论力量最为显著。 从万历初年到天 启末年,东林党人的舆论活动经历了三个阶段。 东林党围绕官员诠选、官员考察、对阁臣的批判、以学术促 清议等方面开展了一系列舆论活动,其主张在邸报发抄、印刷刻传和书信交流等方式的扩散之下,迅速流 通于士林。 东林党以舆论为载体,形成了与朝廷对峙和对话的政治力量。 东林党的舆论活动加剧了明政 府的党争态势,加速了官僚系统的分裂,不利于政治局面的稳定。 但东林党的舆论主导了当时的社会思 潮,对社会风气尤其是士大夫的气节产生了一种鼓舞作用。 关键词:晚明;东林党;舆论;影响 中图分类号:K248　 文献标识码:A　 文章编号:1005-605X(2016)06-0029-07 The Public Opinion Activities and the Influence of Donglin Party in the late Ming Dynasty LIU Zhong-xing (Institute of History and Culture of Hubei,Central China Normal University,Wuhan430079,China) Abstract:The publicopinionwasmostactiveinthelateMingDynasty inancient Chinesesociety,andthepowerof Dong- lin party’s public opinionwasthemost significantone.FromtheearlyyearsofWanlitotheendperiodofTianqi,thepublico- pinion activities of Donglin experienced three stages.The Donglinparty carriedout a seriesof publicopinion activitieson offi- cials’selection,officials’ inspection,criticism to the cabinet,academic promotion and other aspects.With the spread of the newspapers,printing andcommunicationfromletters,Donglinparty circulatedbetweenofficialspromptly.Takingpublicopinion as the carrier,Donglin partyformedpoliticalforcesthat couldconfront andcommunicatewiththeroyal court.Donglin’spublic opinion activitiesaggravatedthetrendof party struggle and acceleratedthe division of thebureaucratic systemwithinthe Ming government.That was not conducive to the stability of the political situation.However,Donglin party’spublic opinion domina- ted the social trends and the social atmosphere at that time,especially encouraged to the scholar-officials’integrity. Key words:late Ming Dynasty;Donglin party;public opinion;influence 　 　 舆论一直被认为是政治的晴雨表,“防民之口,甚于 防川,川壅而溃,伤人必多。 民亦如是。 是故为川者决之