名词性从句印制.docVIP

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名词性从句印制

名词性从句 一、名词性从句的概念、功能与结构 ⑴概念与功能 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句,因为这四种从句从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词,因此它们被称为名词性从句。 ⑵结构 名词性从句主要有三种结构:①that + clause ②whether/if + clause ③连接代词(who、whom、whose、what、which)/ 连接副词(when、where、how、why)+ clause 另外,wh-ever (whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever) 也可引导主语从句和宾语从句;as if / as though、because也可引导表语从句。具体用法见下表: 引导词 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 作动词宾语 作介词宾语 that 一般不省略 可以省略 一般不省略 一般不省略 一般不省略 whether/if 句首只用whether 用whether/if,但有区别 只用whether 只用whether 只用whether 连接代词/连接副词 都可用,但要注意用陈述句语序 wh-ever wh-ever wh-ever wh-ever \ \ as if / as though \ \ \ as if / as though \ 二、宾语从句 ⑴概念 — 作宾语的句子叫主语从句。 ⑵引导词 ①及物动词(包括be sure、be afraidthat引导的从句作宾语;在可以接复合宾语的动词(consider、think、make、etc)it作形式宾语,真正宾语用that引导放在句末;that从句一般不作介词宾语,但可用在一些固定结构中,如:except that (除了)/ in that(因为),其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时,必须用it作形式宾语。如:1.I think (that) women can reach very high achievements in many fields. 2.We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. 3.He is a good student except that he is a bit careless. 4.You should depend on it that your teacher will always help you. ②whether/if引导宾语从句时,有区别;动词discuss之后,只能用whether引导宾语从句;宾语从句为否定时,只能用if引导宾语从句;以下例句为whether和if用在动词后的特殊用法:1.I dont care whether/if he comes or not. 2. I dont care whether or not he comes.3.I don’t know whether to go there. 4.I don’t care if he doesnt come.另外,介词后只能用whether。如:1.They are discussing whether they should join the meeting. 2. It depends on whether you can do the work well. ③及物动词和介词之后基本都可以用连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作宾语。如:1.I cann’t understand why he didn’t come. 2.I am thinking about what we should do next. ④及物动词和介词之后基本都可以用wh(连接代词)-ever引导的从句作宾语。如:1.She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 2.You can write about whatever topic you like. 3.He would believe whatever I said. 三、主语从句 ⑴概念 — 作主语的句子叫主语从句。 ⑵引导词 ①that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见以下三种结构:It + be + adj. (obvious、true、natural、etc)+ that-clause / It + be + n.(a pity、no wonder、an honour、etc)+ that-clause / It + be + done (said、expected、announced、etc)+ that-clause。 如:1.It is certai

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