种植园农学基础 4A.pptVIP

Module 3: Basic Plant Science Certificate in Plantation Management Chapter 4 Structure Important Part of a Tree for Plantation Crops 4.1 Oil palm 4.2 Rubber 4.3 Cocoa 4.1 Oil Palm Growth morphology – of the oil palm relevant to crop management : Knowledge of some of the botanical features of the oil palm is important for proper agronomic management (i) Roots - The oil palm root distribution in the soil must be considered when selecting fertilizer application strategies The root system and its distribution is thus important factor affecting fertilizer use efficiency in oil palm - Oil palm root system comprises an extensive fibrous and adventitious root system that radiates from the prominent bole (about 0.8m diameter), which extends between 0.4 – 0.5m into the soil at the base of the trunk The root system of the oil palm 4 categories of roots based on differences in root diameter (a) Primary roots 6 – 10mm diameter Some descend vertically into the soil to provide anchorage, but most descend at various angles and then bend towards the horizontal to provide a framework supporting secondary, tertiary and quaternary roots (b) Secondary roots 2 – 4mm diameter Branch at right angles to the primary roots and mostly grow upwards towards the soil surface and then turn to grow horizontally (c) Tertiary roots 0.7 – 1.2mm diameter, 15cm length Arise at right angles to secondary roots (d) Quaternary roots 0.1 – 0.3mm diameter, 3cm length Arise at right angles to tertiary roots Oil palm does not have hair roots Nutrient and water absorption are through to occur at the surface of the unlignified tips of primary, secondary and tertiary roots and over the entire surface of quaternary feeder roots Root development Root biomass is found within 1m of the soil surface, but roots active in nutrient uptake are mostly located in the uppermost 0.5m of soil Deeper roots are through to function in water uptake because the concentration of nutrients in tropical soils is usuall