种植园农学基础 5.pptVIP

Basic Plant Science Certificate in Plantation Management Chapter 5 Plant Physiology physiological Process for Selected Plantation Crops 5.1 Photosynthesis 5.2 Respiration 5.3 Translocation 5.4 Osmosis Plasmolysis 5.5 Nutrition (chemical) composition 5.6 Optimising yield in crops (oil palm / rubber / cocoa) Physiological process in plant : Photosynthesis Respiration Translocation Osmosis Plasmolysis These proceses involve the absorption, uptake release of energy, nutrient water during the course of the day under various environmental condition 5.1 Photosynthesis CO2 + H2O transformed into sugar + O2 with help of light + chlorophyll Plants convert CO2 by living organism to O2 sugar required by living organism to live and grow 5.2 Respiration Process of oxidation and decomposition of organic compounds, particularly simple carbohydrates such as glucose in the living cells with the release of energy 5.3 Translocation Food materials are mostly prepared in leaves Food from leaves are translocated to the storage organs growing regions (considerable distance) An upward movement of inorganic salts takes places through xylem 5.4 Osmosis plasmolysis Osmosis : movement of substance from one cell to another Root from the soil to the plant cell therefore readily absorbs mineral Occurrence of 2 gradient of low high concentration permits the movement of water Stable and low concentration of mineral in the soil allows water movement towards the cell sap in the root - Plasmolysis : higher concentration outside the cell allows water to move out causing shrinkage to the cell Plant experiencing plasmolysis will either and eventually dies due to root rot or decay 5.5 Nutrient (chemical) composition Plant : very high water content (amounted 95% - succulent plant, 50% - woody plant of its total weight) - Consist of various elements : O, C, H, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, N, P S These elements are needed in various quantities Therefore grouped accordingl