聚合物分子刷的合成和应用.PDFVIP

第 18 卷 第 78 期 化　学　进　展 Vol. 18 No. 78 2006 年 8 月 PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY 　Aug. , 2006 聚合物分子刷的合成与应用 张　磊　李　文　张阿方 (郑州大学材料科学与工程学院 　郑州 450052) 摘 　要 　本文综述了近年来在线形聚合物、树枝状大分子及树枝化聚合物等不同聚合物的每个重复单 元上 ,高密度地、通过不同联接方式接枝上新的聚合物侧链而形成的刷形接枝共聚物 , 即聚合物分子刷的研 究进展。主要介绍聚合物分子刷的三种合成途径 , 即“大单体聚合法”,“从主链接枝法”及“接枝到主链法”, 并对不同路线的特点进行分析 , 同时对分子刷在制备纳米杂化材料、纳米导线及智能材料等方面的应用进行 了综述。 关键词 　分子刷 　聚合反应 　可控自由基聚合 　树枝状大分子 ( ) 中图分类号: O631 ; TB383 　文献标识码 : A 　文章编号 : 1005281X 2006 078093911 Synthesis and Applications of Polymer Molecular Brushes Zhang Lei 　Li Wen 　Zhang Afang (College of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , China) Abstract 　This article highlights the recent development of synthesized polymer molecular brushes , which are formed by highdensely attaching polymers via different strategies to linear polymers , dendrimers or dendronized polymers. Three different synthetic methods for molecular brushes , e. g. “grafting through ”, “grafting from ”and “grafting to ”are detailed and compared based on the achievable molar mass and structure perfection of the resulted molecular brushes , together with some conformation dependence. Some reports on the synthesis and conformational study of peptide brushes and thermally switchable polymer brushes were also included. The applications of molecular brushes in different areas , such as nanomaterials for surface modification and nanowires are also introduced briefly. Key words 　molecular brushes ; polymerization ; controlled radical polymerization ; dendrimer