《物理学基捶(哈里德)学习指导 6 Force and Motion - II.pdfVIP

Chapter 6 Force and Motion II In this chapter we add two things to what we did last chapter. This first is friction forces, and the second is things moving in a circle. Of all of the things that you think you intuitively know, the one you are most likely to get backwards is friction. You may think that friction opposes motion, and many physics books say so, but friction opposes sliding of surfaces. Eriction will even cause motion in order to prevent sliding. Imagine that you are driving a car that is currently at rest. If you push on the accelerator, the engine turns the tires. If there was no friction, the tires would rotate but the car wouldnt move, so the tires would slip on the ground. To prevent this slipping, friction pushes the car forward. The same thing works when walking, where friction pushes your shoe forward, causing motion. Fbiction comes in two types, static and kinetic. Kinetic friction is when the surfaces are already sliding against each other, and static friction is when they arent sliding yet. Kinetic friction tries to stop the sliding, and static friction tries to prevent sliding EXAMPLE Consider a tablecloth on a table, and a bottle sitting on the tablecloth. A physics teacher slowly pulls the tablecloth to the left. As he does so, the bottle slides with the tablecloth. Draw free-body diagrams for the bottle and the tablecloth. Thtor: What are the forces acting on the bottle? Student: There is gravity mg down, of course, and a normal force l/r perpendicular to the surface, or up. There is also a friction force /1 against the motion, or right. Ttrtor: The bottle accelerates to the left. What force causes it to move to the left? Student: The teacher is pulling on it. T\rtor: The teacher is pulling on the tablecloth, but he isnt touching the bottle. He doesnt exert a force on the bottle. Student: It just moves because the ta