Lecture4-减词法2015.ppt

省词法是指将原文中需要、而译文中又不需要的词语省去。减省的词语应是那些不合汉语语言表达习惯的，在译文中保留下来反而使行文累赘噜嗦的词语。 减词一般有以下两种情况： 1.结构性省略法（从语法、表达角度）：省去汉语译文中不必要的冠词、介词、代词、连词，甚至动词等； 2.精炼压缩法（从修饰角度）：将较复杂的结构包括从句压缩成精炼的汉语词组，这一方法多见于科技翻译和文学翻译。 省略冠词 A soldier must obey orders.军人必须服从命令。 The moon emerged from behind the clouds.月亮从云层后出现。 省略介词 一般来说，表示时间和地点的介词，译成汉语如出现在句首，大多可以省略不译。 The Peoples Republic of China was founded in October, 1949. Smoking?is?prohibited in?public?places.  另外，与名词、动词等搭配的介词可视情况而省去。 Their skyscrapers, bridges and dams often have a splendor which matches in beauty and scale the country’s natural wonders. 他们的摩天大楼、桥梁和水坝往往气势壮观，与美国的自然奇观之壮美和恢宏相得益彰。 The critical temperature is different for different kinds of steel. 不同种类的钢,临界温度各不相同. 省略代词：物主代词, 泛指的、作主语的人称代词、作宾语的代词, 代词that或these等 She glanced at her watch, and it was 7:15. We live and learn. She laid her hand lightly on his arm as if to thank him for it. But it was the way I am. And try as I might, I havent been able to change it.但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改过来。 省略连接词 He went into the room and sat at the table. Where there is a will, there is a way. As the temperature increase, the volume of water becomes greater. TB： P.64-65 省略动词:谓语动词、与具有动作意味的名词连用的动词（该名词转译为动词）、重复的动词 When the pressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low. 气压低，沸点就低。 These animals made an adjustment to the new environment in a short time. When heated, gases act in exactly the same way as liquid acts. 气体受热时所发生的变化与液体完全一样. 其他省略 there be … it作为形式主语或宾语 It is a common knowledge that the weight is a pull exerted on an object by the earth. 众所周知,重量是地球作用在物体上的引力. 强调句中的it It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. 使自由保持活力的是冲突而不是绝对的一致。  省略同位语、同义词、近义词 His father is an oculist, or an eye-doctor. It is from this “underclass”, and those who take advantage of it, that most of the violence springs – the violence which is one of the least pleasant of American society.正是这个“社会下层阶级”及利用这阶层的人引发了社会上的大多数暴乱，使之成为美国社会最令人不快的一面。 修饰性省略 U