stu-分布式计算原理和应用(Distributed_Computing)第四章课件.pptVIP

Distributed Computing, M. L. Liu The Socket API Mei-Ling Liu Introduction The socket API is an Interprocessing Communication (IPC) programming interface originally provided as part of the Berkeley UNIX operating system. It has been ported to all modern operating systems, including Sun Solaris and Windows systems. It is a de facto standard for programming IPC, and is the basis of more sophisticated IPC interface such as remote procedure call and remote method invocation. The conceptual model of the socket API The socket API A socket API provides a programming construct termed a socket. A process wishing to communicate with another process must create an instance, or instantiate, such a construct The two processes then issues operations provided by the API to send and receive data. Connection-oriented connectionless datagram socket A socket programming construct can make use of either the UDP or TCP protocol. Sockets that use UDP for transport are known as datagram sockets, while sockets that use TCP are termed stream sockets. Because of its relative simplicity, we will first look at datagram sockets, returning to stream sockets after we have introduced the client-server model in Chapter 5. Connection-oriented connectionless datagram socket Datagram sockets can support both connectionless and connection-oriented communication at the application layer. This is so because even though datagrams are sent or received without the notion of connections at the transport layer, the runtime support of the socket API can create and maintain logical connections for datagrams exchanged between two processes, as you will see in the next section. (The runtime support of an API is a set of software that is bound to the program during execution in support of the API.) Connection-oriented connectionless datagram socket The Java Datagram Socket API In Java, two classes are provided for the datagram socket API: the DatagramSocket class for the sockets. the Datagra