18.第十八章 时态(国外英文资料).doc

18.第十八章 时态(国外英文资料) 18., eighteenth chapters tense Tense: the form in which the verb changes over time, including present tense, past tense, future tense, progressive, perfect, progressive tense. Present tense: She, writes, a, letter. Past tense: She, wrote, a, letter. Future tense: She, will, write, a, letter. Progressive: Be, V + Ving,, am/, are/, is, Ving, past: Was/, were+, Ving She is letter. writing a is now in progress Past continuous She, was, writing, a, letter. Future progressive She, will, be, writing, a, letter. Complete have/ has/ had P.P. (action completion) She has written a letter. is now complete Past perfect She, had, written, a, letter. Future perfect She, will, have, written, a, letter. perfect progressive She has been letter. writing a is now complete She had, been, writing, a, letter. Future perfect progressive She, will, have, been, writing, a, letter. Present tense 1). Now the verb prototype, except for be verbs, auxiliary verbs, the third person singular subject, in the original end - (E) s. The singular number of have is has. A. prototype verb plus S - send [s], [z]: stops (silent read s); runs (read aloud z) B. V es verb suffix, if pronounced [s], [z], [o]. [[t]] formula, formula, [d?]; Infinitive suffix is the consonant +y - ies: Passes; catches; cries 2) use timing A. indicates the state or action of the present tense. 1., Everything, is, in, order. Joe owns a house by the sea. B. represents habitual action, present tense. 1., I, always, drink, coffee, for, breakfast. My family go to church on Sunday. C. stands for unchangeable truth and truth 1., The, earth, goes, around, the, sun. 2., Water, consists, of, hydrogen, and, Oxygen. 3., Three, times, for, is, twelve. The D. represents a definite future plan 1., Here, comes, a, bus. I see some sparrows on the roof. The E. represents a definite future plan 1., Tomorrow, is, Mother, day., s 2., Our, flight, leaves, at, 11:, 45. F. the main clause is the future tense, the adverbial clause indica