一个三段论推理可否有效(国外英文资料).docVIP

一个三段论推理是否有效(国外英文资料) Whether a syllogism is valid is judged by a set of rules. The syllogism that adheres to these rules is valid, and a syllogism is an invalid inference if it violates any of these rules. The rules of syllogism have multiple ways of expression, and we boil it down to seven. The first three rules are rules about terms, and the four rules are rules about the premises. A syllogism has, and there are only three. This rule is defined by the definition of syllogism. There are four items in the syllogism that are called four errors for example, Lu xuns works are not a day to read. Blessing is the work of lu xun, Blessing is not a day to read. Two different lu xun works are two different terms. The reasoning made four mistakes. The middle term should be postponed at least once in the premise. The middle term does not play the role of mediating in order to derive the inevitable conclusion. For example, The dog is an animal; Cat is an animal; The cat? The dog The term middle term is referred to as the middle term, which is not deferred in any of the two premises. The conclusion of the dam is not to be postponed. Any large term that is not deferred in the premises without delay in the conclusion is referred to as a big expansion mistake. For example, All gun robbery is criminal; All corruption is not robbery: All corruption is not a crime. Any small term that is deferred in the premises is referred to as a minor expansion error. For example, All metals are conductive; Metal is solid: All solids are conductive. Two negative premises cant push the conclusion. If two premises of a syllogism are denied. It shows that the middle term is rejected by both the big term and the small term. In this case, we cannot determine the relationship between large and small items through the conjunction of the middle term. Therefore, two negation premises cannot push the conclusion of necessity. For example, Empiricism is not a scientific methodology Dogmatism is not empiricism;