6.12 读取嵌套与可变长二进制数据.pdf

6.12 读取嵌套和可变长⼆进制数据 问题 你需要读取包含嵌套或者可变长记录集合的复杂⼆进制格式的数据。这些数据可 包 含图⽚、视频、电⼦地图⽂件等。 解决⽅案 struct 模块可被⽤来编码/解码⼏乎所有类型的⼆进制的数据结构。为了解释清楚这 种数据，假设你⽤下⾯的Python数据结构来表⽰⼀个组成⼀系列多边形的点的集合： 现在假设这个数据被编码到⼀个以下列头部开始的⼆进制⽂件中去了： ++++ |Byte | Type | Description | +======+========+====================================+ |0 | int | File code (0x1234, little endian | ++++ |4 | double | Minimum x (little endian | ++++ |12 | double | Minimum y (little endian | ++++ |20 | double | Maximum x (little endian | ++++ |28 | double | Maximum y (little endian | ++++ |36 | int | Number of polygons (little endian | ++++ 紧跟着头部是⼀系列的多边形记录，编码格式如下： ++++ |Byte | Type | Description | +======+========+===========================================+ |0 | int | Record length including length (N bytes | ++++ |4-N | Points | Pairs of (X,Y coords as doubles | ++++ 为了写这样的⽂件，你可以使⽤如下的Python代码： import struct import itertools def write_polys(filename, polys : # Determine bounding box flattened = list(itertools.chain(*polys min_x = min(x for x, y in flattened max_x = max(x for x, y in flattened min_y = min(y for x, y in flattened max_y = max(y for x, y in flattened with open(filename, wb as f: f.write(struct.pack(iddddi, 0x1234, min_x, min_y, max_x, max_y, len(polys for poly in polys: size = len(poly * struct.calcsize(dd f.write(struct.pack(i, size + 4 for pt in poly : f.write(struct.pack(dd, *pt 将数据读取回来的时候，可以利⽤函数 struct.unpack( ，代码很相似，基本就 是上⾯写操作的逆序。如下： def read_polys(filename : with open(filename,