环境中四环素类抗生素的污染及其对人体健康的影响.docx

环境中四环素类抗生素的污染及其对人体健康的影响2013级七年临床周博洋指导教师公共卫生学院施致雄副教授摘要：四环素类抗生素进入人体后，难以被肠胃吸收，约75%以母体化合物的形式被排入污水。然而，现有的工艺只能部分去除四环素类抗生素，从而导致仍有相当数量的活性成分进入自然环境中。进入到环境中的抗生素会发生降解反应（抗生素的降解是指抗生素通过生物或非生物的过程使其从大分子化合物转化为小分子化合物，并最终转化为水和二氧化碳的过程），但很难得到完全降解，而是产生一系列代谢及降解中间产物，这些产物往往具有更大的毒性。同时，环境中的四环素类抗生素普遍残留还会诱导微生物逐渐对其产生抵抗性，造成抗药性菌群的富集及抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes，ARGs)的产生。作为近年来日益受到关注的潜在环境生态危险源，四环素类抗生素的研究日益增多。本文在总结相关研究的基础上，对抗生素使用状况进行分析（包括但不限于四环素类抗生素），阐明四环素类抗生素污染现状，探讨四环素类抗生素对人体健康的危害，为抗生素的合理使用提供参考。关键词：四环素类抗生素 污染 人体健康 合理用药Abstract:For Tetracycline antibiotics(TCs) , it is difficult to be absorbed by the stomach,which leads to a result that about 75% of TCs will be discharged into the sewage in the form of parent antibiotics.However, the sewage process can only partially remove the tetracycline antibiotics, which leads to a considerable number of active ingredients into the natural environment.Antibiotics in the environment will produce degradation reaction, however, instead of being completely degraded, a series of metabolism and the degradation intermediate are produced, which tend to have greater toxicity.Moreover, tetracycline antibiotics in the environment will gradually induce microorganism to possess resistance,which cause tow bad effects:drug-resistant bacteria enrichment and resistance gene (antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs). As a potential environmental hazard,TCs have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Based on the summary of related research,this paper analysis the usage of antibiotics(including, but not limited to TCs), clarify the tetracycline antibiotics pollution status, and investigate the tetracycline antibiotics’ harm to human health, to provide reference for rational administration of drug(antibiotics)Key words:Tetracycline antibiotics(TCs) ; pollution ; human health ; rational administration of drug近年来，PPCPs作为一种新兴污染物日益受到人们的关注。PPCPs,全称是Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products，即药品及个人护理用品，不仅包括处方药和生物诊断试剂，而且还包括营养品、香水和防晒剂等[1]。药品及个人护理用品与人类的生活密切相关 ，它们在环境中是普遍存在的。其中，抗生素是一种环