非谓语动词v-edform.pptVIP

Grammar 1. 过去分词具有动词的性质，同时兼有形容词或副词的性质，可以拥有自己的逻辑主语，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 Exercise: 1. Prices of daily goods ____ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 2. With a lot of different problems ____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 4. When I got back, I saw a message ____ to the door____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. pin, read B. pinning, reading C. pinned, reading D. pinned, read * The Past Participle Explanation 2. v-ed表示动作已经完成或被动意义 eg: fallen leaves 落叶(已落下的叶子) eg: I heard the door closed. 我听见门被关上了。 3. 否定式： not + v-ed eg: He escaped, not seen by anyone. 过去分词所充当的成分： 一、作表语 (predicative) 1. 过去分词作表语，表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，其用法相当于adj.，放在系动词后面。 eg: The door remained locked till 7 o’clock. eg: I am pleased with the result of the experiment. (许多v-ed形式已经被当作adj.使用, 如: excited, disappointed, moved, puzzled,lost等) 注意区别： 2. v-ed作表语时，与系动词一起构成的系表结构与普通的被动语态在形式上相似。 系表结构中的v-ed表示： 被动语态中的v-ed表示： 主语所处的状态 一个被动的动作 eg: The cup is broken. The cup was broken by Tom. 系表结构表状态 被动语态表动作 注意比较： 3. 过去分词v-ed和v-ing作表语的区别： 过去分词v-ed: 现在分词v-ing: 表主语(人)所处的心理状态， 个人的感受. “(人)感到...” 表主语(物或人)所具有的特征. “(物或人)令人...” eg: surprised/ surprising; encouraged/ encouraging; moved/ moving... Ex:书P14/5，P91/1 二、作定语 (attribute) 1. 前置定语：单个的v-ed作定语，一般放在被修饰的n.之前；Ex:书P14/2 后置定语：v-ed短语作定语时，常被放在被修饰的n.之后，相当于一个定语从句。 eg: an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人 eg: The injured bird lay on the ground. eg: The boy named Tom is my brother. eg: a letter written in blue ink 注意: 如果被修饰的词是复合不定代词或指示代词those等时，即使是一个单一的分词作定语也要放在被修饰的词之后。 eg: There was nobody invited here. 2. v-ed作定语与定语从句的互换:Ex:书P14/3 (1) 若是vt.的过去分词作定语表示已经完成的动作，且含有被动意义，可改成v.用被动形式的定语从句。 eg: The letter posted today will reach you in a week. = The letter which was posted today will... (2) 若是vi.的过去分词作定语只表示动作的完成，不表被动，可改成v.用完成时态的定语从句。 eg: a retired teacher = a teacher