宾语从句-反意疑问句-定语从句.doc

宾语从句 一、宾语从句概说 　宾语从句是在复合句中起宾语作用的从句。在谓语动词，介词和某些形容词等后面都可以接宾语从句。　同学们要掌握好宾语从句，主要应该注意以下三个关键：　1．连接词：根据从句类型而定。　2．语序：用陈述句语序。　3．时态：根据主句中谓语动词的时态而定。（自然、科学规律及真理可以除外） 二、宾语从句的连接词：　1． that　that引导陈述意义的宾语从句，无实际意思，在从句中也不充当任何成分。在口语和非正式文体中that常被省略。　She said that she missed us very much.她说她非常想念我们。　I think she is right.我认为她是对的（that被省略）　2． whether, if：　whether与if引导选择意义的宾语从句，意思为是否。　I wonder whether/ if she still lives here after so many years.　这不知道经过这么之年她是否还住在这里。　Have you found out whether/if he is in London?你弄清楚他是否在伦敦了吗？　3． what, who, whom, which　这是一组连接代词，引导疑问意义的宾语从句。 　Can you tell me what bread is made from?你能告诉我面包是由什么制造的吗？　I cant remember who has come to my office.我不记得谁来过我的办公室了。　Tom asked me whom/who they were talking about.汤姆问我他们在谈论谁。　I want to know which is better.我想知道哪一个更好些。　whom引导宾语从句时一般可由who替换，但如果宾语从句的介词提前，则只能用whom，不能用who。　I wonder with who she is angry.（×）　I wonder with whom she is angry.我不知道她在跟谁生气。　4． when, where, why, how　这是一组连接副词，引导疑问意义的宾语从句。 　Im not sure when he will be back.我不能肯定他何时回来。　I cant tell you where he lives.我不能告诉你他住在哪儿。　We dont know why he broke the window.我们不知道他为何打破窗户。　Would you please tell me how I can get to the nearest bus stop?　请告诉我如何才能到达最近的公共汽车站好吗？　5．某些形容词如afraid, sure, glad, happy等后也可以带宾语从句（也有人认为是状语从句）。　Im afraid (that) we cant get there on time.恐怕我们不能准时到达那里了。　Hes not sure whether he can find her.他不能肯定他是否能够找到她。 三、宾语从句的时态：　宾语从句的时态原则上应与主句的时态保持一致。　1． 如果主句是现在时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时和现在完成时），宾语从句可以是实际需要的任何时态。　I am wondering whether he has come or not.我不知道他是否已经来了。（现在完成时）　Please tell me when well have the meeting.请告诉我什么时候开会。（一般将来时）　I dont know who they are talking about.我不知道他们正在谈论谁。（现在进行时）　I have heard the window was broken by John.我已经听说窗户是被约翰打破的。 　2． 如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），宾语从句必须选用过去的某一时态（即一般过去时，过去将来时，过去进行时或过去完成时等）　He said he would kill her.他说他会杀了她。（过去将来时）　She told us Lucy had returned home.她告诉我们露茜已经回家去了。（过去完成时）　Mary was wondering who could answer the question.　玛丽想知道谁能回答这一问题。（一般过去时）　I didnt tell them where you were havi