教学动词不定式的点滴体会.docVIP

教学动词不定式的点滴体会 永昌县焦家庄中学 王世斌 众所周知，动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的焦点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语，其构成形式是“to +V (原形)”，to为动词不定式符号，无实意。动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特点，因此在句中可以做主语、宾语、宾补、状语、定语、表语等。现结合教学经验，对动词不定式的难点以及它在中考英语中的考查点，作一简要的分析和总结，供读者参考。 一、用作主语 ⑴ It is interesting to play with pets. ⑵ To do the job well is not easy. ⑶ It is difficult for us to learn English well. ⑷ It takes me over a year to solve the problem. ⑸ It is very kind of you to help the blind man. ⑹ It’s our duty to clean the room every day. ⑺ It’s very nice of you to tell me about it. ⑻ To take medicine for me on time is necessary. [分析]动词不定式做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。常见的句式有： 1）It is + adj +( of/for sb ) to do sth 2）To do sth is + adj ( of/for sb ) 3）It takes sb some time to do sth. 4）It is + n + to do sth. 其中nice,kind,clever,good,right,wrong,foolish,carefully,careless,polite,rude等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表示不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；difficult, hard, easy, important, dangerous, possible, impossible等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。 二、用作宾语 ⑴ He wanted to be an inventor. ⑵ I want to remember clearly. ⑶ He found it very easy to learn English well. ⑷ We hope to get there before 7:00. ⑸ I began to study English twenty-one years ago. ⑹ The girl is learning to drive car. [析]agree,decide,forget,ask,hope,learn,want,wish,begin,start,seem,hate, remember,would like, need, offer, mean, plan, refuse等动词后面，可以接动词不定式作宾语。如果其后有形容词作宾补时，则可用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的动词不定式放到后面。 三、用作宾补 ⑴ She often asks me to help her with her English. ⑵ I saw him go into the bedroom. ⑶ I’ll get someone to mend my radio. ⑷ He told me to turn it off. ⑸ Mr. Tom heard someone knocked at the door. ⑹ He asks her to come quickly. ⑺ I saw made to do my homework in the afternoon. ⑻ So much work usually makes them feel tired. [分析]不定式可以用作宾语补足语。在see, watch, hear, feel等感官动词和make, have, let使役动词后面做宾补的不定式不带to.但在被动语态中要还原其不定式to（let除外）.后面常跟不定式作宾补的有：ask, teach, expect, tell, allow, order, want, wish, help等。 四、用作状语 ⑴ I’m sorry to hear that. ⑵ The boy isn’t enough to go to work in the fields. ⑶ He ran over to welcome us