化学化工专业英语课件-references.ppt

Word study1. 醇类化合物的构词规律 醇的词尾是-ol，多数情况下，是将相应的烷烃的最后一个字母e去掉，换上-ol，则为相应的醇。如下表所示。 拉丁或希腊前缀 烷烃-ane alkane 醇-ol alcohol 烷基-yl alkyl 烯烃-ene Alkene 炔烃-yne alkyne mono- methane methanol methyl - - di-;bi- ethane ethanol ethyl ethene ethyne tri- propane propanol propyl propene propyne tetra-; quadri- butane butanol butyl butene butyne pent(a)- pentane pentanol pentyl pentene pentyne hex(a)- hexane hexanol hexyl hexene hexyne hept(a)- heptane heptanol heptyl heptene heptyne oct(a)- octane octanol octyl octene octyne non(a)- nonane nonanol nonyl nonene nonyne dec(a)- decane decanol decyl decene decyne 2. sodium alkoxide 烷氧化钠 其中：alk—烷基缩写；ox—氧；-ide—…化物 例：sodium methoxide 甲醇钠 magnesium ethoxide 乙醇镁 3. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 其中：di—词头，表示“二”；ox—氧； -ide—……化物 例：sulfur trioxide 三氧化硫 calcium oxide 氧化钙 4. alkyl halide 烷基卤化物，烷基卤 例如： ethylidene dichloride = 1,2-dichloroethane 1,2-二氯乙烷 methylene bromide = dibromomethane 二溴甲烷 methyl iodide 碘甲烷 sodium bromide 溴化钠 Alcohols are characterized by the presence of OH (hydroxyl group) attached to a carbon atom. Aliphatic alcohols may be considered to be derived from hydrocarbons in which an sp3 bonded hydrogen atom has been replaced with OH: R—H (Alkane) R—OH (Alcohol) They may also be considered as derivatives of water in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced with an alkyl group, R—. H—O—H (Water) R—O—H (Alcohol) 醇的特征就是存在着与碳原子相连的羟基。脂肪醇被认为是由OH取代sp3杂化烷烃中的H原子而形成的。 他们也可以认为是由烷基取代水中的氢而生成的水的衍生物。 Since hydrocarbons may contain primary, secondary, or tertiary hydrogens, the same classes of alcohols are capable of existence. The following examples illustrate the typical members of each class: CH3CH2OH (CH3)2CHOH (CH3)3COH l0 Alcohol 20 Alcohol 30 Alcohol Ethyl alcohol Isopropyl alcohol t-butyl alcohol) 由于烷烃中含有1级，2级，3级氢原子，相应地也存在着同样类别的醇。下面的例子列举了各类典型的醇。 Oxidation Reaction of C—H Bond Alcohols may be considered to be the first product o