大学英语语法之构词法 Word-formation.ppt

English Grammar Chapter Twoword-formation 1 转化法 conversion 2 合成法 compounding /composition 3 派生法 derivation /affixation 词缀法 4 截短法 clipping /shortening 5 拼缀法 blending 6 缩略词 abbreviation 7 首字母缩略词 acronym 8 反转构词法 back-formation (1) v.→ n. try, look, say (2) n.→ v. book, chair, bridge (3) adj.→ v. slow, calm, better (4) ad.→ v. further, forward (5) adj. → n. bitter, final, daily (6) others → n. ups and downs, a he or a she? a must; compound noun compound adjective compound pronoun compound verb compound adverb ＊hyphen ＊ classroom; blackboard; pickpocket; overcoat; reading-room; uprising; ＊ good-looking; evergreen; cold-blooded; man-made; ＊ someone; anybody; nothing; ＊ sun-bathe; broadcast; upset; ＊ meanwhile; therefore; 词根 root /base; 前缀 prefix→ word’s meaning 后缀 suffix→ word class some prefixes → word class 1 common prefix 2 common noun suffix 3 common adj. suffix 4 common verb suffix 5 common adv. suffix 6 common num. suffix 7 common num. prefix 1 截头 telephone → phone; aeroplane → plane; 2 去尾 exam; lab; ad; dorm; pop; photo; kilo; gym 3 即截头又去尾 refrigerator →fridge; influenza →flu 4 几个词 → 一个词 nylon-stockings →nylons; popular song singer →pop-singer three-dimensional film →Three-D Mr. Mrs. Ms. Dr. Prof. Apt. Rd. St. Ave. No. a.m. p.m. AD/A.D. BC/B.C. kg. km. dl. m. dm. cm. mm. TV/T.V. FL. PA. S. N. E. W. anti- 反；抗；防 anti-imperialist; antibody; arch- 主要的 arch-enemy;