Informix SELECT 语句及其子句的详解.doc

SELECT 语句与其子句的详解 闲来没事做，整理了一下SELECT语句的一点用法，不过这是SQL SERVER 2000 下的，整体的语法和informix 的SQL语法差不多，仅供参考，对于初学SQL语句的新手来说还是有帮助的，嘿嘿～～～ 其实我就是新手，以后还请各位大侠多多执教！！！ SELECT从数据库中检索行，并允许从一个或多个表中选择一个或多个行或列。虽然 SELECT 语句的完整语法较复杂，但是其主要的子句可归纳如下： SELECT select_list[ INTO new_table ] FROM table_source [ WHERE search_condition ] [ GROUP BY group_by_expression ] [ HAVING search_condition ] [ ORDER BY order_expression [ ASC | DESC ] ] 可以在查询之间使用 UNION 运算符，以将查询的结果组合成单个结果集。语法SELECT statement ::=? ? query_expression ? ?[ ORDER BY { order_by_expression | column_position [ ASC | DESC ] }???燵 ,...n ] ?燷 ?燵 COMPUTE???爗 { AVG | COUNT | MAX | MIN | SUM } ( expression ) } [ ,...n ]???燵 BY expression [ ,...n ] ]?燷 ?燵 FOR { BROWSE | XML { RAW | AUTO | EXPLICIT }?????燵 , XMLDATA ]?????燵 , ELEMENTS ]?????燵 , BINARY base64 ]???爙 ] 燵 OPTION ( query_hint [ ,...n ]) ] query expression ::=?爗 query specification | ( query expression ) }?燵 UNION [ ALL ] query specification | ( query expression ) [...n ] ] query specification ::=?燬ELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ]???燵 { TOP integer | TOP integer PERCENT } [ WITH TIES ] ]???? select_list ?燵 INTO new_table ]?燵 FROM { table_source } [ ,...n ] ]??[ WHERE search_condition ]? ?[ GROUP BY [ ALL ] group_by_expression [ ,...n ]? ? ? ?[ WITH { CUBE | ROLLUP } ]? ?]? ?[HAVING search_condition]由于 SELECT 语句的复杂性，下面按子句说明详细的语法元素和参数： SELECT 子句指定由查询返回的列。语法SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ]? ?[ TOP n [ PERCENT ] [ WITH TIES ] ]?? select_list select_list ::= ?爗 ?? ???爘 { table_name | view_name | table_alias }.*???爘 ??{ column_name | expression | IDENTITYCOL | ROWGUIDCOL }?????燵 [ AS ] column_alias ]???爘 column_alias = expression?爙 ?燵 ,...n ] 参数ALL指定在结果集中可以显示重复行。ALL 是默认设置。DISTINCT指定在结果集中只能显示唯一行。为了 DISTINCT 关键字的用途，空值被认为相等。TOP n [PERCENT]指定只从查询结果集中输出前 n 行。n 是介于 0 和 4294967295 之间的整数。如果还指定了 PERCENT，则只从结果集中输出前百分之 n 行。当指定时带 PERCENT 时，n 必须是介于 0