芝加哥大学实验学校的办学实践(1896-1904)及其对杜威教育思想的影响.pdfVIP

摘 要 摘 要 杜威是享誉世界的教育家。1896-1904 年间，他创办了芝加哥大学实验学校并开展 了近 8 年的教育实验 。这是一次精心设计的实验，寄托着杜威对教育的最初设想。创办 实验学校前，杜威开始涉足教育领域 。从哲学、心理学和伦理学角度出发，他对中小学 的教学、课程、德育等问题提出了自己的看法 。他强调应尊重儿童的身心发展规律，加 强教育与生活的联系，消除理论与实践之间的鸿沟 。这些主张成为实验学校重点解决的 教育问题。在实验学校中，杜威通过开发新型课程和建设具有民主性的学校共同体两大 主要措施，将 自己的教育主张投入实践之 中不断进行检验和修正 。这不是一所昙花一现 的模范学校，也不是一次自 由放任的实验，这是杜威原创教育思想形成的一次历险 。实 验学校的创办，促成 了杜威哲学、心理学和教育学思想的融合，推动 了杜威教育思想的 主要原理的形成，加深 了杜威对民主主义教育理念 的认识，并为其教育思想打上了深刻 的实践印痕。 关键词 杜威 实验学校 教育思想 影响 I Abstract Abstract John Dewey is a world-renowned educator . During the years of 1896 to 1904, he founded the laboratory school at the University of Chicago and conducted the experiment on education for nearly eight years. This was a well-designed experiment which contained the original design for education of John Dewey. Before founding the lab school , Dewey begun to get involved in the field of education. According to the aspects of Philosophy, psychology and ethics, he put forward his own ideas about the issues of primary and secondary schools, such as teaching, curriculum and moral education. He maintained that we should pay much attention to the laws of children ’s physical and mental development , build the relationship between education and daily life , and eliminate the gap between theory and practice. These suggestions were the important problems which the lab school endeavored in working out . In the lab school , He had taken two main measures which included developing a new type of course of study and organizing the laboratory school democratic community. According to them , he got the chances to put his hypotheses on education into practice for testing and modi