英语被动语态学文档.docVIP

英语被动语态讲解 一、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动；被动、被动、主被动。 二、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如： Some new computers were stolen last night.  一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。 This book was published in 1981.  (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：the window was broken by Mike.  This book was written by him.  Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. (3)、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：  The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。  The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 三、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化　被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,，被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。 不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught 一般过去时：was／were＋taught 一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught 过去进行时：was/ were + taught 过去进行时：have／has been＋taught 现在完成时：have／has been＋taught 情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 动词的过去分词歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。　1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时　　例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 现在完成时　　例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.　3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时　　例A new cinema is being built here．　4） was/were done 一般过去时　　例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.　5） had been done 过去完成时　　例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.　6） was/were being done 过去进行时　　例A meeting was being held when I was there.　7） shall/will be done/ be going to be done/ be about to be done/ be to be to done一般将来时　　例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.　8） should/would be done was\were going to be done/ was\were about to be done/ was\were to be to done过去将来时　　例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.　9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）　　例The p