英语语法——定从句.docVIP

定语从句 定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，在从句中指代前面的先行词，在从句中担任一定的成分。 Ex：the pupils who had been watching started to applaud. 一直在旁边看的小学生们开始鼓掌起来。 Who引导的定语从句，指代先行词pupils,在句中做主语。 I shall never forget the day when I entered the university. 我永远不会忘记上大学的那一天。 When引导的定语从句指代the day，在句中做时间状语。 主要思路： 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 As引导的定语从句以及与其他关系词的比较 “介词+关系代词“引导的定语从句 关系代词和关系副词的选择 关系词和先行词的分离 关系代词引导的定语从句 1、 代替人 代替物 人或物 主语 Who Which That 宾语 Whom Which That 定语 Whose (of whom) Whose(of which) Ex: he is a man who/that means what he says 他是一个说话算话的人 The boy (whom/that) you saw yesterday is here now 你昨天见到的那个男孩现在就在这里 The car which/that was stolen has been found 偷走的车已经找到了 2、使用关系代词应注意的问题 、关系代词做介词的宾语，只能用whom,不用who,如果介词在句尾，都可以用。 Ex: This is the girl who/whom he worked with This is the girl with whom he worked 这就是和他一起工作的那个女孩。 、当whose代替物时，就相当于of which. Ex::the house whose window are broken is unoccupied The house of which window are broken is unoccupied 窗子破了的那所房子没人住。 、which除了指物外，还可指婴儿，动物和表示单数意义的集合词。也可指人的地位，职业和品格。 Ex:the baby which the nurse brought in was born yesterday 护士抱进来的那个因而是昨天出生的。 The audience which is composed entirely of students is larger than ever 全部由学生组成的观众人数比以前多。 He is exactly the man which such an education was likely to form 他正是这样的教育所能造就出来的人。 3、只能用that，不用which、who、whom的几种情况。 、当先行词是all、everything、nothing|、something、anything、little|、much、none、few等不定代词时。 Ex: professor li has told us something that we should do in the summer vacation Professor li 已经告诉我们暑假应该做的事。 He knew everything that happened in the village 他知道在这个乡村发生的所有事。 Much that I learned in the book is very useful 我在那本书中学到的东西非常有用。 、当先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时。 Ex: the first thing that I am going to do this evening is write to my parents 今晚要做的第一件事就是给我的父母写信。 This is the most interesting firm that has been produced in recent years 这是近几年新出品的最有意思的一部电影。 、当先行词被no、every、some 、any 、only 、very 、much等限制词修饰时。 Ex: this is the very book that I have been looking for 这正是我在寻找的书。 There is no person