青岛英华外语培训学校临床医学英语第八章老年病人的特殊性.pdfVIP

青岛英华外语学校 Chapter8 WhyGeriatricPatientsAre Different 第八章 老年病人的特殊性 Older patients differ from young or middle-aged adults with the same disease in many ways, oneofwhichis thefrequentoccurrenceofcomorbiditiesandofsubclinicaldisease. comorbidities 并存病 subclinical 亚临床的 同样的疾病，年龄大的病人在许多方面与青中年病人是有区别的，其中之一是并存病多 和亚临床疾病多。 As a function of the high prevalence of disease, comorbidity (or the co-occurrence of two or morediseasesinthesameindividual)is alsocommon. prevalence 流行、普遍 co-occurrence 同时发生 作为高发疾病的结果，并存病（两个或更多的疾病在同一个体同时发生）也是多见的。 Of people age 65 and older, 50% have two or more chronic disease, and these diseases can conferadditiveriskofadverseoutcomes,suchasmortality. confer 授予、给予 additive 附加的、附属物 65岁以上的老年中，50%患有两种以上的慢性疾病，这些疾病能够增加不利预后的风 险，如死亡率。 Insomepatients,cognitive impairment maymaskthesymptomsofimportantconditions. cognitive 认知的、认识的 impairment 损害 mask 口罩、假面具、掩饰 在一些病人中，认知损害可以掩盖重要病情的症状。 Treatment for one disease may affect another adversely, as in the use of aspirin to prevent strokeinindividualswith ahistoryofpepticulcerdisease. stroke 中风 pepticulcer 消化性溃疡 对一种疾病的治疗可能加重另一种疾病，例如，对有消化性溃疡病史的病人使用阿斯匹 林预防中风。 The risk for becoming disabled or dependent also increases with the number of diseases present. disabled 残废的、有缺陷的 dependent 依靠的、依赖的 病残或生活不能自理发生的风险也随着并存的疾病数而增高。 Specificpairsofdiseasescanincreasesynergistically theriskofdisability. synergistic 协同的 特殊的成对疾病可以协同增加病残的风险。 Arthritis and heart disease coexist in 18% of older adults; although the odds of developing disability are increased by three-fold to four-fold with either disease alone, the risk of disability increases14-foldifbotharepresent. arthritis 关节炎 有18%的老年人同时患有关节炎和心脏病，虽然每个疾病可以增加 3~4 倍的病残率， 青岛英华外语学校 青岛英华外语