Rheumatoid arthritis.ppt

Rheumatoid arthritis  How Is Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosed? The first step in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is a meeting between the doctor and the patient. A newer, more specific blood test for rheumatoid arthritis is the citrulline antibody test. The sedimentation rate (sed rate), another blood test for RA, is a measure of how fast red blood cells fall to the bottom of a test tube. Joint X-rays can also be helpful in monitoring the progression of rheumatoid disease and joint damage over time. In arthrocentesis, a sterile needle and syringe are used to drain joint fluid out of the joint for study in the laboratory. What is the treatment for rheumatoid arthritis? There is no known cure for rheumatoid arthritis. To date, the goal of treatment in rheumatoid arthritis is to reduce joint inflammation and pain, maximize joint function, and prevent joint destruction and deformity. Rheumatoid Arthritis Medications Two classes of medications are used in treating rheumatoid arthritis: fast-acting first-line drugs and slow-acting second-line drugs“ The first-line drugs:such as aspirin and cortisone (corticosteroids)（可的松）, are used to reduce pain and inflammation. The slow-acting second-line drugs, such as methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexall)（甲氨蝶呤）, and hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)（羟化氯喹）, promote disease remission and prevent progressive joint destruction. Newer second-line drugs (DMARDs) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis include leflunomide (Arava) （来氟米特） etanercept (Enbrel)（依那西普） infliximab (Remicade)（英夫利昔） anakinra (Kineret)（阿那白滞素） adalimumab (Humira)（阿木达单抗） rituximab (Rituxan)（利妥昔单抗） abatacept (Orencia)（阿巴西普） golimumab (Simponi)（戈利木单抗） certolizumab pegol (Cimzia)（妥珠单抗） tocilizumab (Actemra)（塔西单抗） tofacitinib (Xeljanz). （托法替尼） Each of these medications can increase the risk for infections, and the development of any infections should be reported to the health care professional when taking these newer second-line drugs. In some cases with s