辐射防护笔记a(国外英语资料).docVIP

辐射防护笔记a(国外英语资料) Note a.txt / / radiation protection In order to save / / in the form of TXT, the following simplified formula of mathematical symbols of the notes: //1, corner [], such as the energy of particle fluence is phi [E] E said //2, l (Iota) with integral symbol instead of cases: l [oo, 0] is from 0 to infinite integral //3, direct symbol: OC //4, the average symbol will, as in the actual symbol above a horizontal line //5, the double slash / / for auxiliary understanding and annotation, relatively minor content 1 particle number, radiant energy Particle number N refers to the number of particles emitted, transmitted or accepted, in units of 1 Radiation energy R refers to the energy of a particle emitted or transmitted or accepted (excluding stationary energy). Unit: Joule J. For energy (not only energy), the particles of E are: R=NE, and the number of particles is distributed by energy, that is, N[E]=dN/dE Radiation energy is also distributed according to energy, that is, R[E]=dR/dE R[E]=EN[E] Number of particles per unit volume (volume) n=dN/dv 2 flux energy flux Flux N=dN/dt unit increments per unit time s^-1 The unit of increment of radiation energy per unit time in R=dR/dt W 3 fluence (rate) energy fluence (rate) The radiation field in a point (particle) is in fluence, the point is the center, the area da small ball particle number dN divided by Da business The fluence is =dN/da m^-2 Fluence rate phi (handwritten) =d phi /dt=d^2N/dtda unit m^-2*s*-1 Energy fluence: the sum of all particles of energy (excluding static energy) within the sphere of the unit cross section The energy fluence =dR/da unit J/m^2 The energy fluence rate w =d /dt The relationship between the energy fluence and particle fluence: [E]=E [E] The process of producing characteristic X-rays When high speed electrons enter the target material, the kinetic energy is obtained by the inner shell electrons in the target atom, part of which is used to get rid of the nucleus and to do the wor