冻融破坏（国外英文资料）.doc

冻融破坏（国外英文资料） Freeze-thaw damage In a cold climate, concrete pavement, revetment, bridge panel and rail will be destroyed by freeze-thaw cycle, which takes a lot of cost to repair and rebuild, it has become one of the main problems of concrete durability. The cause of hardened concrete freeze-thaw damage can form materials with complex microstructure, but the degree of damage is not only related to the nature of the concrete itself, but also depends on the specific environmental conditions. As a result, antifreeze concrete in a given frozen environment can be damaged under different circumstances. There may be several forms of concrete freezing and melting. The most common is the concrete cracking or peeling, which is mainly caused by the continuous expansion of the base of the water mud in the repeated freezing and thawing cycle. If concrete slab in damp environment, at the same time the scene used antifreeze, under the effect of freezing and thawing, it is easy to occur layered peeling (such as the final concrete surface spalling or layer). In the concrete slab, of course, as a result of the existence of coarse aggregate, often leads to cracks parallel to the plate seam or edge, and eventually make the cracks formed a similar capital letters D shape (cracks around the board two or four Angle bending). This type of fracture is defined as a D fracture. The various types of concrete freezing and freezing damage that occur due to frostbite are shown in figure 5-5. Admixture is an effective measure to prevent the damage of concrete. The mechanism of preventing the damage from freezing and melting in the mud body is introduced. The freezing and thawing behavior of the hardened cement slurry The mechanism of freezing and thawing behavior in the cement slurry was introduced, which also explained why the aerosols can effectively reduce the occurrence of frostbite. When began to freeze the water in the wool stoma, with the freezing of water, its volume increases, which requi