08 科研方法与论文写作 I整理.ppt

Scientific Methodology and Scientific Paper Writing科学研究方法与论文写作 The Department of Ecology Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University Bao-Rong Lu Definition of a Scientific paper Format of a Scientific paper Organization of a Scientific paper Title and authors Abstracts/Summary Now comes to the paper itself Some experienced writers prepare their Title and Abstract after the paper is written But, they usually have in mind a provisional title and outline of the paper Consider level of audience you are writing for Determine terms and procedures need for definition or description Some tips of paper writing It is wise to begin writing while the work is still in progress It makes writing easier, because things are fresh in your mind The experiment apparatus materials available Co-authors are still available A bad beginning makes a bad ending -- Euriides Why Introduction ? Using the literature to justify the present study State objectives (conclusions) of the present study Purpose/organization of the Introduction Supply sufficient background information To introduce: scientific questions (why important, what is known) By reviewing knowledge to the questions Purpose/organization of the Introduction Weave your theme into the “universal tapestry” Explain the choice of methods materials Allow reader to understand evaluate results State briefly clearly objectives (conclusions) Five stages of an Introduction: ordering your information Stage 1: General statements about a field of research to provide the readers with a setting for problems Stage 2: More specific statements about the aspects of the problems already studied by other researchers Stage 3: Statements that indicate the need for more investigation Stage 4: Very specific statement(s) giving the purpose/objectives of the writer’s study Stage 5: Optional statement(s) that give a value or justification for carrying out the study Suggested rules: Present first clearly the nature scope of