新闻报道与写作6.pptVIP

6.7 Story Units 报道单元 In organizing their stories, news writers move from one theme to another in the order of the importance of the subjects or themes. The lead is elaborated first, and then the next-most-important theme is stated and then elaborated and explained. The rule is: Put everything about the same subject in the same place. 在组织其报道时，新闻撰稿人按照重要程度从一个主题转到另一个主题。首先是展开导语，然后陈述次重要的主题，接下来加以展开和解释。经验法则是：将关于同一主题的所有内容放在一处。 6.8 The Inverted Pyramid 倒金字塔 Remember that all the inverted pyramid means is that the most important material is usually placed at the beginning of the story and the less important material is placed at the end. 记住：倒金字塔结构的意义在于，最重要的材料通常要放在报道开头，较不重要的素材放在最后。 The news story takes its shape from the requirements and limitations of the craft as measured by the clock – a silent but overwhelming presence – and the available space and time for copy. Given these realities, most stories must be written in such a way that they can be handled quickly and efficiently. If the 10 inches of available space suddenly shrinks to 8 and 40 seconds of airtime to 20, no problem. The story structure makes it possible to cut the bottom two paragraphs without losing key information. 新闻报道采用这种形式源于对这一行提出的要求和限制——一个了无声息而又压倒一切的现实——以及可用的版面和播出的时间。考虑到这些现实情况，大多数报道必须以这样一种方式写成，以便它们能够得到迅速和有效的处理。如果可用的版面突出由10英寸缩为8英寸，播出时间由40秒减为20秒，那是没有问题的。这种报道结构允许删去最后两段，而不丧失关键信息。 Meets Needs 满足需求 如果使用这种标准的新闻报道形式的唯一理由就是方便写作和编辑新闻的人，那么它就不可能持续存在这么多年了。这种形式之所以延续下来，是因为它满足了媒体用的需求。 People usually want to know what happened as soon as the story begins to unfold. If it is important and interesting, they will pay attention. Otherwise, they turn elsewhere. People are too busy to tarry without reward. 人们通常想在报道一开始就知道发生了什么。如果它有趣，他们就会注意。否则，他们会转到其他版面。人们太忙了，不愿为毫无收获而耽误工夫。 Sometimes the pleasure may come from suspense, a holding of the breath until the climax is reveled deep in the story. When the reporter senses that this kind of structure is appropriate for the event, a delayed lead will be used. 有时候，愉悦可能来自于悬念，即让人屏息以待，等报道发展到深处才